A5025239421- Child and Animal Learning Development
- Action Observation and Synchronization
- Spatial Cognition and Navigation
- Science Education and Pedagogy
- Cognitive and developmental aspects of mathematical skills
- Behavioral and Psychological Studies
- Tactile and Sensory Interactions
- Visual and Cognitive Learning Processes
- Psychology of Moral and Emotional Judgment
- Early Childhood Education and Development
- Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
- Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Animal and Plant Science Education
- Motor Control and Adaptation
- Child Development and Digital Technology
- Hemispheric Asymmetry in Neuroscience
- Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Embodied and Extended Cognition
- Social Representations and Identity
- Design Education and Practice
- Hearing Impairment and Communication
- Innovative Teaching and Learning Methods
- Film in Education and Therapy
- Sport Psychology and Performance
- Cognitive Science and Mapping
Universität Greifswald
2006-2019
Universitätsmedizin Greifswald
2018
University of Zurich
2000-2008
Goethe University Frankfurt
1996
This article contrasts intuitive knowledge about projectile motion expressed in action with explicit judgments. In the condition of Experiment 1 children and adults threw a ball horizontally from different heights to hit targets on floor; judgment same subjects rated respective launch speeds required. All age groups appropriately varied speed respect both height release target distance condition. condition, however, kindergartners failed integrate relevant dimensions even fourth graders...
Performance in 2 versions of a computer-animated task was compared. Participants either indicated the time arrival target that rolled off horizontal surface and fell--hidden from view--onto landing point (production task) or judged flight on rating scale (judgment task). As predicted, performance significantly better production (Experiment 1), which imagery object motion probably replaced reasoning processes. who exhibited eye movements suggesting mental tracking performed particularly well...
Motor influences on the mental transformation of body parts have been observed in both children and adults. Previous findings indicated that these were more pronounced than adults, suggesting a stronger link between motor processes imagery children. The present series two experiments casts doubt general validity such an interpretation. Kindergartners' (aged 5–6 years), first graders' 7 adults' performance rotation pictures was monitored for internal representations constraints (motor...
Using looking-time measures, the authors examined untrained chimpanzees' (Pan troglodytes) ability to distinguish between adequate and inadequate support. In 3 experiments, sensitivity different support relations 2 objects was assessed. each experiment, chimpanzees saw a possible an impossible test event, presented as digital video clips. Looking times in experiments suggest that use amount of contact objects, but not type contact, relations. These results indicate have some intuition about...
Mainly for methodological reasons, little is known about the course of development early cognitive competencies diagnosed with violation expectation (VoE) method in infants. The goal this research was to evaluate use pupillometry as a unified approach assess expectancy violations during and beyond "dark ages" between 1 3 years. We tested children aged 1-6 years adults (N = 279) pictures animals combined matching or mismatching animal sounds. All age groups exhibited significantly greater...
Until now, a successful application of the mental rotation paradigm was restricted to children 5 years or older. By contrast, recent findings suggest that even infants can perform rotation. Unlike methods used in infant studies (looking time), our new research allows for measurement and interpretation reaction times. Kindergartners (aged 3–6 years) were presented with stimulus configuration on touchscreen asked bring rotated into an upright position using shortest path. Mean time (RT)...
In a series of 3 experiments modeled after infant studies, 3- to- 6-year-old children's intuitive knowledge about support was assessed. Different objects were shown either sufficiently supported or not. Children had to predict whether block would remain standing on platform upon release make perceptual judgments the possibility block-on-platform configuration. Overall, performance strongly age-related and independent task context. Sensitivity for amount contact between object clearly...
The video deficit effect (VDE) has been demonstrated in several studies on word learning, self-recognition, and imitation: Younger children (up to 3 years old) solved tasks more easily a direct interaction with an examiner than when instructed by (Anderson & Pempek, 2005). Older might also be susceptible VDE, especially complex tasks; however, evidence is sparse. Furthermore, what extent preschoolers' understanding of others' mental states (theory mind) impaired presentations not tested. We...
The present experiment investigated children and adults’ knowledge of the pendulum law under different task conditions. question asked was whether adults fourth-graders knew that period a is function length but independent its mass. to judge on rating scale (judgment task), imagine swinging indicate corresponding time interval (imagery or adjust dynamically presented (perception task). Normative consideration as only relevant factor primarily found in perception and, for adults, imagery...
Abstract Two experiments were conducted to investigate children's and adults’ knowledge of time speed in action judgment tasks. Participants had set the a moving car new so that it would reach target line at same as reference higher disappearing tunnel midway point. In Experiment 1 (24 10‐year‐olds, 24 adults), adjustments followed normative pattern when responses be graded linearly function car's initial speed. non‐linear condition, only corresponded with function. Simplifying task by...
According to the theory of representational redescription (RR theory, Karmiloff-Smith, 1992 ), children’s reasoning is grounded on implicit knowledge. This initial knowledge first consolidated and then subjected reiterative cycles redescription, leading increasing accessibility. As one important piece evidence supporting RR a U-shaped developmental trend regarding ability balance asymmetrical blocks has been reported. To assess whether this robust phenomenon, we investigated how 4-, 5-, 6-,...
In this work, we present a collection of data from three replication studies anticipatory looking false belief tasks measuring implicit Theory Mind. Two paradigms, by Southgate & Senju and Surian Geraci were replicated in two independent labs. Eye-tracking was collected processed line with the original procedures to allow for an investigation effects processing on times first saccades.
Abstract. With the Mental Rotation Test (MRT), large and reliable sex differences are found. Used with children younger than about 9 or 10 years, MRT performance is at chance level. Simpler tasks used have revealed inconclusive results. Moore Johnson (2008 , 2011 ) observed in infants using a habituation task 3D cube figures rotating back forth depth through 240° angle. Thereafter, female treated similarly original figure mirror-image presented revolving previously unseen 120° angle, whereas...
Using a novel eye-tracking paradigm, we assessed the development of 2- to 6-year-old children's intuitions about physical support symmetrical and asymmetrical objects in two experiments (Experiment 1: N = 98; Experiment 2: 288). Children were presented with video sequences demonstrating how identical blocks lowered onto platform before being released simultaneously. In critical test trials, both remained place although only one them was sufficiently supported. As expected, children tended...
Previous research on the development of intuitive statics has revealed that preschoolers’ ability to judge stability asymmetrically shaped objects is severely limited ( Krist, 2010 ). To overrule objection this limitation caused by extraneous task demands, original was simplified eliminating need varied consecutively in a series trials. Three- and 4-year-old children (N = 65) were presented with L-shaped blocks either sufficiently supported platform or not. In six experimental trials, had...
Abstract Based on violation-of-expectation (VoE) paradigms, amazing cognitive competencies have been demonstrated in young infants, which could not be shown toddlers or even preschoolers. This divergence might as much caused by different research methods discontinuities development. As looking-time measures are readily applicable to older children, we suggest a new method that is suitable for children from two years of age onwards. In an empirical examination this method, 26 aged 2–7 learned...
Previous work on the development of intuitive knowledge about trajectories has shown a dissociation between young children's aimed throwing actions, in which they are highly sensitive to physical laws motion, and their explicit judgments, exhibit misconceptions. This research investigated generality action by having participants project ball with sling. Instead adjusting sling stretch, hence force, correctly as function both release height target distance, 5- 6-year-olds (Experiment 1, N...
Zusammenfassung. In einem Reaktionszeitexperiment zur mentalen Rotation von Händen, an dem 138 Kindergartenkinder, 82 Grundschüler (2. Klassenstufe) und Erwachsene teilnahmen, konnte ein Einfluss der motorischen Einschränkung Handbewegungen auf die Vorstellung nachgewiesen werden. Dieser Motoreffekt war jedoch nicht in allen Altersgruppen Bedingungen zu beobachten. Es auch bestätigt werden, dass er bei jüngeren Kindern generell stärker ausgeprägt ist als älteren Erwachsenen. Dafür gab es...
Das Ziel der vorliegenden Studie bestand darin, einen möglichen Einfluss des Darbietungsmodus auf die Leistung von Vorschulkindern in einer Aufgabe zur Theory of Mind (ToM) zu überprüfen. Dazu wurden Leistungen 94 Kindern zwischen 3 und 5 Jahren klassischen Ortsverlagerungsaufgabe zum Verständnis falscher Überzeugungen ( Wimmer & Perner, 1983 ) untersucht. Den wurde Originalgeschichte entweder live oder als Videofilm präsentiert. Erstmalig konnte ein signifikanter Effekt ToM nachgewiesen...
Zusammenfassung: Aus einer kognitions- und entwicklungspsychologischen Perspektive wird die Bedeutsamkeit des außerschulischen Vorwissens für das schulische Lernen herausgestellt. Als anzustrebendes Instruktionsziel Integration dieses intuitiven Wissens mit dem Schulwissen vorgeschlagen. Auch den Bereich der Naturwissenschaften, in intuitive Wissen häufig Konflikt gerät, erscheint eine auf Wissensintegration abzielende Strategie angemessen. Entwicklungspsychologische Untersuchungen weisen...