Abstract Cyprinid herpesvirus is a causative agent of destructive disease in common and koi carp ( Cyprinus carpio ), which leads to substantial global financial losses aquaculture industries. Among the strains C. , 1 (CyHV-1) 3 (CyHV-3) are known as highly pathogenic fishes Europe, Asia, Africa. To date, no effective vaccine has been developed combat these viruses. This study aimed develop unique multi-epitope subunit vaccines targeting CyHV-1 CyHV-3 using reverse vaccinology approach. The...

Human rhinovirus C (HRV-C) is a significant contributor to respiratory tract infections in children and implicated asthma exacerbations across all age groups. Despite its impact, there currently no licensed vaccine available for HRV-C. Here, we present novel approach address this gap by employing immunoinformatics techniques the design of multi-epitope-based against The sequences chosen structural proteins VP1 VP2, along with non-structural protein 2C HRV-C, were downloaded FASTA format from...

CCR5 is a CC chemokine receptor involved in the migration of effector leukocytes including macrophages, NK, and T cells into inflamed tissues. Also, role CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory cell (Treg) homing has recently begun to grab attention. Japanese encephalitis (JE) defined as severe neuroinflammation central nervous system (CNS) following infection with mosquito-borne flavivirus JE virus. However, potential contribution progression via mediating Treg not been investigated. Infected wild-type...

This study investigates the fabrication of algogenic zinc nanoparticles (ZnNPs), examining their biomimetic properties and potential antibacterial effectiveness against fish pathogens. The rising incidence antibiotic resistance in aquaculture demands innovative strategies for disease management, highlighting importance developing biocompatible effective antimicrobial agents. In this context, ZnNPs were synthesized using Pediastrum boryanum microalgal extract as reducing capping agent....

ABSTRACT The emergence of antibiotic‐resistant microorganisms has made antimicrobial resistance a global issue, and milk is potential source for the propagation resistant bacteria causing zoonotic diseases. Subclinical mastitis (SCM) cases, often overlooked mixed with normal in dairy farms, frequently involve E. coli , which can spread through contaminated milk. We conducted this study to determine prevalence virulence genes, antibiotic genes (ARGs), susceptibility, genetic relatedness...

Abstract Maintaining a healthy intestine is essential for growth and host defense mechanisms of farmed fish, particularly those densely stocked. In this context, maintaining intestinal microbiota proper digestion, absorption, integrity the mucosa utmost importance. Nano‐form (SeNPs)‐enriched‐ Pediastrum boryanum (Turpin) exhibits antimicrobial, antioxidant, antitumor properties. Therefore, SeNPs are valuable nutritional supplements aquatic animals. Algogenic Se nanoparticles (SeNPs, 79.26...

Background: Obesity is a major public health concern, contributing to metabolic disorders such as insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. In Bangladesh, the rising obesity rates highlight need for targeted interventions. Magnesium, an essential mineral involved in glucose metabolism signalling, has been linked resistance, with deficiency increasing risk of disorders. Studies suggest that obese individuals are prone magnesium depletion due increased urinary excretion poor dietary intake. Aim...

Population growth was very rapid and triggered significant advancements in both the industrial agricultural sectors, leading to increased production of pharmaceuticals pesticides. The over-utilization chemical compounds greatly accelerated several environmental pollution problems that were highly harmful local ecosystems human health. Therefore, this justified study fate transport pesticides, their effects on health, an overview enzymatic decomposition as a biological means for pesticide...

The widespread use of pesticides in agriculture, aquaculture, and public health has led to severe environmental concerns due their overapplication persistence ecosystems. Pesticide residues accumulate soil, degrade its fertility, pollute groundwater, harm non-target organisms, including beneficial insects aquatic life. This persistent contamination poses a significant threat biodiversity, food safety, ecosystem resilience. aim this review is examine microbial bioremediation as sustainable...

The importance of TLR2 and TLR9 in the recognition infection with herpes simplex virus (HSV) HSV-caused diseases has been described, but some discrepancies remain concerning benefits these responses. Moreover, impact TLR2/9 on innate adaptive immune responses within relevant mucosal tissues not elucidated using natural model HSV. Here, we demonstrate that dual is essential to provide resistance against HSV via an intravaginal route. Dual ablation resulted highly enhanced mortality...

Raw milk is essential in our daily diet for food safety but poses a risk of contamination with harmful bacteria like ESBL Escherichia coli. The study was undertaken to characterize multidrug-resistant E. coli and determine the antibiogram profile isolates recovered from raw milk. A total 80 samples were collected 20 selling points Sylhet analyzed physico-chemical parameters, microbial loads, coli, their virulent factors association AMR. Results demonstrated that mean specific gravity, fat%,...

<i>Escherichia coli</i> is a notorious ubiquitous organism among the foodborne pathogens which can form biofilm leading to development of antibiotic resistance. We aimed investigate <i>E. isolated from total 240 raw beef and ready-to-eat samples obtained capital Bangladesh along with microbial quality samples. The isolates underwent antibiogram profiling in accordance Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute Guideline 2023 characterized for presence resistance genes, as well phenotypic...

Abstract Saprolegniosis is a fungal infection that leads to huge economic losses in tilapia aquaculture. Saprolegnia spp. are usually implicated as the etiological agents, but their identification sometimes troublesome and confusing. In this study, two strains (ManS22 ManS33) were isolated from Nile Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus suffering saprolegniosis. Both isolates characterized morphologically internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence data. Additionally, both tested for pathogenicity,...

Japanese encephalitis (JE), a leading cause of viral encephalitis, is characterized by extensive neuroinflammation following infection with neurotropic JE virus (JEV). Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) has been identified as an enzyme associated immunoregulatory function. Although the regulatory role IDO in replication postulated, vivo activity not fully addressed virus-caused encephalitis. Mice which was inhibited genetic ablation or using specific inhibitor were examined for mortality and...

Summary Japanese encephalitis virus ( JEV ) is a re‐emerging zoonotic flavivirus that poses an increasing threat to global health and welfare due rapid changes in climate demography. Although the CCR 2– CCL 2 axis plays important role trafficking CD 11b + Ly‐6C hi monocytes regulate immunopathological diseases, little known about their monocyte during viral caused by infection. Here, we explored of its ligand JE infection using 2‐ 2‐ablated murine models. Somewhat surprisingly, ablation...

In the context of zoonosis, Bangladesh's small-scale dairying is yet to frame satisfactory levels due poor biosecurity practices.This study intended reveal degree knowledge, attitudes and practices among Sylhet district, dairy farmers. We also focused on association between incidence non-specific enteritis in humans.A questionnaire-based survey was conducted farmers' KAP via personal interviews 15 farmers from randomly selected fifteen farms. The questionnaire developed with 6 questions for...

The data on dose-response relationship of phototherapy published by Tan [1977] were inserted into an e function, with energy in the exponent. following features emerged: a) no real saturation point was reached when spontaneous bilirubin decline also taken consideration, and b) a direct proportionality became evident between two different, superimposed spectral ranges irradiance measured evaluated Tan. Analogous proportionalities should be calculated for other radiometers to simplify...

Aim: To develop emerging diagnostic technique for bovine tuberculosis and to identify its potential risk factors. Materials & methods: Bacterial genomic DNA was isolated from milk human sputum samples subjected PCR using specific primer pairs. results were validated bacteriological cultures. Results: amplification of the targeted fragment Mycobacterium bovis successful in 12.33% (37/300) samples. Interestingly, 500-bp also amplified 6.67% (6/90) indicating possibility zoonotic transmission....

A coordinated host immune response mediated via chemokine network plays a crucial role in boosting defense mechanisms against pathogenic infections. The speed of Ag presentation and delivery by CD11c+ dendritic cells (DCs) to cognate T lymphoid tissues may decide the pathological severity infection. Here, we investigated CX3CR1 neuroinflammation induced infection with Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), neurotrophic virus. Interestingly, deficiency strongly enhanced susceptibility JEV only...

Possible risk mediators in primary dengue virus (DenV) infection that favor secondary DenV to life-threatening hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and shock syndrome (DSS) via antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) have not yet been described. Here, enhanced the expression of inflammatory activation molecules dendritic cells (DCs) through TLR2/MyD88 pathway. TLR2 appeared facilitate DCs were less permissive than macrophages for viral replication. In experiments using separate evaluations DenV-infected...