A5087996332- Respiratory Support and Mechanisms
- Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring
- High Altitude and Hypoxia
- Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Research
- Cardiac Arrest and Resuscitation
- Sports Performance and Training
- Cancer, Hypoxia, and Metabolism
- Winter Sports Injuries and Performance
- Neuroscience of respiration and sleep
- Retinal Diseases and Treatments
- Neonatal Respiratory Health Research
- Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
- Retinal and Optic Conditions
- Hemodynamic Monitoring and Therapy
- Retinal Imaging and Analysis
- Analytical Chemistry and Sensors
- Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Long-Term Effects of COVID-19
- COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- Thermal Regulation in Medicine
- Intensive Care Unit Cognitive Disorders
- Immune cells in cancer
- Sepsis Diagnosis and Treatment
- Mitochondrial Function and Pathology
- Glaucoma and retinal disorders
University of Oxford
2016-2025
King's College London
2016-2025
University of Nebraska at Omaha
2018-2025
University of Chieti-Pescara
2023-2024
Ophthalmology Clinic
2024
Chartered Institute of Architectural Technologists
2024
John Radcliffe Hospital
2013-2021
Oxford Research Group
2016
University of Auckland
2015
Wellcome Trust
2015
The hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) family of transcription factors directs a coordinated cellular response to hypoxia that includes the transcriptional regulation number metabolic enzymes. Chuvash polycythemia (CP) is an autosomal recessive human disorder in which regulatory degradation HIF impaired, resulting elevated levels at normal oxygen tensions. Apart from polycythemia, CP patients have marked abnormalities cardiopulmonary function. No studies integrated function been reported. Here...
Tibetan natives have lived on the plateau (altitude ∼4,000 m) for at least 25,000 years, and as such they are adapted to life reproduction in a hypoxic environment. Recent studies identified two genetic loci, EGLN1 EPAS1, that undergone natural selection Tibetans, further demonstrated an association of EGLN1/ EPAS1 genotype with hemoglobin concentration. Both genes encode major components hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) transcriptional pathway, which coordinates organism's response hypoxia....
The hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs; isoforms HIF-1α, HIF-2α, HIF-3α) mediate many responses to hypoxia. Their regulation is principally by oxygen-dependent degradation, which initiated hydroxylation of specific proline residues followed binding von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) protein. Chuvash polycythemia a disorder with elevated HIF. It arises through germline homozygosity for hypomorphic VHL alleles and has phenotype hematological, cardiopulmonary, metabolic abnormalities. This study explores the...
Abstract Critically ill patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) present hypoxaemia and are mechanically ventilated to support gas exchange. We performed a retrospective, observational study of blood analyses ( n = 3518) obtained from COVID‐19 investigate changes in haemoglobin oxygen (Hb–O 2 ) affinity. Calculated tension at half‐saturation (p 50 was on average (±SD) 3·3 (3·13) mmHg lower than the normal p value (23·4 vs. 26·7 mmHg; P < 0·0001). Compared an unmatched historic...
Carrying heavy loads in the Himalayan region is a real challenge. Porters face extreme ranges terrain condition, path steepness, altitude hypoxia and climate for 6–8 h day, many months year, since they were boys. It has been previously shown that, when carrying on level terrain, porters' metabolic economy higher than Caucasians but reasons are still unknown. We monitored Nepalese porters both during 90 km trekking Khumbu Valley at two different altitudes (3490 5050 m above sea-level), where...
Abstract Background Real-time bedside information on regional ventilation and perfusion during mechanical (MV) may help to elucidate the physiological pathophysiological effects of MV settings in healthy injured lungs. We aimed study positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) tidal volume ( V T ) distributions by electrical impedance tomography (EIT) Methods One-hit acute lung injury model was established 6 piglets repeated lavages group). Four ventilated served as control group. A randomized...
Mutations in VHL, which encodes von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor (VHL), are associated with divergent diseases. We describe a patient marked erythrocytosis and prominent mitochondrial alterations severe germline VHL deficiency due to homozygosity for novel synonymous mutation (c.222C→A, p.V74V). The condition is characterized by early systemic onset differs from Chuvash polycythemia (c.598C→T) that it strongly reduced growth rate, persistent hypoglycemia, limited exercise capacity. report...
Post-viral issues following acute infection with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), referred to widely as long COVID, are associated episodic, persistent, and disabling symptoms affecting quality of life functional status. Evidence demonstrates a significant impairment course, but there remains limited empirical data profile determine the fluctuating symptom COVID. We devised 16-week, multicentre prospective cohort observation study changes in patient-reported outcomes, biological,...
Two challenges in the management of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome are difficulty diagnosing cyclical atelectasis, and individualising mechanical ventilation therapy real-time. Commercial optical oxygen sensors can detect [Formula: see text] oscillations associated with but not accurate at saturation levels below 90%, contain a toxic fluorophore. We present computer-controlled test rig, together an in-house constructed ultra-rapid sensor to limitations these when exposed rapidly...
The development of a clinically useful fiber-optic oxygen sensor based on fluorescence quenching is described in this paper. fiber optic was formed by coating thin polymer matrix, which contains an sensitive fluorophore, the tapered end optical fiber. Three acrylate polymers have been used for and sensitivity time-response sensors were tested. results showed that time response can be modified using different matrices. Using these modifications, very fast fiber-based could readily achieved...
Arterial oxygen partial pressure can increase during inspiration and decrease expiration in the presence of a variable shunt fraction, such as with cyclical atelectasis, but it is generally presumed to remain constant within respiratory cycle healthy lung. We measured arterial continuously fast intra-vascular sensor carotid artery anaesthetized, mechanically ventilated pigs, without lung injury. Here we demonstrate that shows oscillations uninjured pig lung, absence atelectasis (as...
Very fast sensors that are able to track rapid changes in oxygen partial pressure (PO2) the gas and liquid phases increasingly required scientific research - particularly life sciences. Recent interest monitoring very PO2 of arterial blood some respiratory failure conditions is one such example. Previous attempts design intravascular electrochemical for use physiology medicine have failed meet criteria now modern investigations. However, miniature photonic devices capable meeting this need....
<h3>Background</h3> There is considerable interest in oxygen partial pressure (<i>P</i>o<sub>2</sub>) monitoring physiology, and tracking <i>P</i>o<sub>2</sub> changes dynamically when it varies rapidly. For example, arterial ( <mml:math><mml:mi>P</mml:mi><mml:mrow>a<mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>O</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:mrow></mml:mrow></mml:math>) can vary within the respiratory cycle cyclical atelectasis (CA), where...
Key points Lung ventilation and pulmonary artery pressure rise progressively in response to 8 h of hypoxia, changes described as ‘acclimatization hypoxia’. Acclimatization responses differ markedly between humans for unknown reasons. We explored whether the magnitudes ventilatory vascular were related, degree acclimatization could be predicted by acute measurements sensitivities. In 80 healthy human volunteers made before, during, after a sustained exposure isocapnic hypoxia. No correlation...
We explore here the evolution of skiing locomotion in last few thousand years by investigating how humans adapted to move effectively lands where a cover snow, for several months every year, prevented them from travelling as on dry ground. Following historical research, we identified sets skis corresponding 'milestones' terms ingenuity and technology, built replicas measured metabolic energy associated their use climate-controlled ski tunnel. Six were tested, covering span 542 AD date. Our...
The development and construction of a tapered-tip fibre-optic fluorescence based oxygen sensor is described. suitable for fast real-time monitoring human breathing. sensitivity response time the were evaluated in vitro with gas pressure chamber system, where partial was rapidly changed between 5 15 kPa, then vivo five healthy adult participants who synchronized their breathing to metronome set at 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 breaths min–1. A Datex Ultima medical analyser used monitor rate as...
Objectives: Determine the intra-tidal regional gas and blood volume distributions at different levels of atelectasis in experimental lung injury. Test hypotheses that pulmonary aeration matching is reduced during inspiration setting minimal tidal recruitment/derecruitment this mismatching an important determinant hypoxemia. Design: Preclinical study. Setting: Research laboratory. Subjects: Seven anesthetized pigs 28.7 kg ( sd , 2.1 kg). Interventions: All animals received a saline-lavage...
Abstract Neck pain associated with helmet‐wear is an occupational health problem often observed in helicopter pilots and aircrew. Whether aircrew helmet wearing physiological biomechanical differences between sexes currently unknown. This study investigated neuromuscular activation patterns during different helmet‐wearing conditions. The load was manipulated through a novel Helmet Balancing System (HBS) healthy, non‐pilot male female participants ( n = 10 each, age 19–45 years) two phases....