Determining the most promising single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) presents a challenge in genome-wide association studies, when hundreds of thousands tests are conducted. The power to detect genetic effects is dependent on minor allele frequency (MAF), and studies SNP arrays include SNPs with wide distribution MAFs. Therefore, it critical understand MAF's effect false positive rate.Data from Framingham Heart Study simulated data (Problem 3, answers) was used examine varying MAFs...

Patients with severe micrognathia are predisposed to airway obstruction. Mandibular distraction osteogenesis (MDO) is an alternative tracheotomy that lengthens the mandible in order improve retrolingual airway. This study presents outcomes from one of largest cohorts reported.To assess rate and predictors surgical success complications among (1) patients who underwent MDO prior other procedures (MDO first), (2) required initial were subsequently treated (tracheotomy first).Retrospective...

Characterization of leadership within otolaryngology is key to evaluating trends and promoting program advancement. This study evaluates representation women in holding residency fellowship directorships, or chair positions, comparing sex differences academic rank, years practice, scholarly activity.Cross sectional analysis.A comprehensive list directors from Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education-accredited programs 2017 2018 was compiled. Academic rank practice were...

Helping Babies Breathe (HBB), a basic neonatal resuscitation curriculum, improves early mortality in low-resource settings. Our goal was to determine retention of skills by different cadres providers using the approved HBB Spanish translation rural clinic and community hospital Honduras.Twelve 37 were trained 1 d workshops followed from July 2012 February 2014. Resuscitation evaluated objective structured clinical evaluations (OSCEs) at regular intervals. Clinic practiced monthly, whereas...

To evaluate and describe the swallowing function in children after laryngeal cleft repair.Ten-year (2002-2012) retrospective chart review.Academic tertiary care pediatric otolaryngology practice.Records of 60 who had surgical repair (ages 2 weeks-14 years) postoperative functional endoscopic evaluation or videofluoroscopic swallow studies were examined retrospectively.Twenty-nine one evaluation, 19 two, 4 three, 5 four, 3 five. Median time to first was 10.8 weeks (interquartile range [IQR]:...

To determine whether extremely low-birthweight (ELBW) infants with bilateral compared to unilateral intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH) have worse neurodevelopmental outcomes at 18-22 months.A total of 166 ELBW (<1000 g) admitted a Cincinnati NICU from 1998 2005 head ultrasound showing Grade I-IV IVH and assessment months corrected age were included. Multivariable linear logistic regression models developed the impact laterality grade other clinical variables predict scores on Bayley Scales...

Objectives/Hypothesis To examine the ability of OSA−18 to predict Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) in a racially diverse population when compared overnight polysomnography (PSG). Study Design Cross‐sectional retrospective. Methods Children 2 12 years age diagnosed with OSA who were treated at tertiary care institution between 2008 and 2013 had complete PSG OSA‐18 data included. We performed logistic regression as dependent variable total symptom score (TSS), age, gender, race, asthma, body mass...

Objectives Helping Babies Breathe is an evidence-based curriculum designed to teach basic neonatal resuscitation in low-resource countries. The purpose of this study was evaluate the acquisition knowledge and skills following training correlation learner characteristics performance a Spanish-speaking setting.&#x0D; Methods Thirty-one physicians 39 nurses completed at Honduran community hospital. Trainee were evaluated before after using multiple-choice questionnaire, bag-mask ventilation...

Objectives/Hypothesis Evaluate and compare surgical outcomes of slide tracheoplasty for the treatment congenital tracheal stenosis in children with without pulmonary malformations. Study Design Retrospective chart review at a tertiary care pediatric medical center. Methods We identified patients who underwent from 2001 to 2014, subset these were diagnosed Hospital course preoperative postoperative complications recorded. Results One hundred thirty (18 malformations, 112 normal anatomy)...

We quantified the intensity of early intervention (EI) services allocated to 1262 children who were deaf or hard hearing (DHH) within a state program and identified factors associated with intensity. Child specific data collected on born between 2008 2014. Data from Individualized Family Service Plans enrolled in Part C EI programming evaluated for type duration during their enrollment. Associations child/family variables examined. Median age enrollment was 5.3 months. The most frequently...

This study was designed to determine which factors characterize mothers who expressed their milk by the end of 4 weeks postpartum as well duration for they continued any breastmilk feeding.This prospective longitudinal cohort conducted with women donated and clinical data Cincinnati Children's Research Human Milk Bank (Cincinnati, OH). We examined characteristics length feeding within first month compared those only fed directly at breast.By postpartum, 63% (37 59) had begun expression....

Summary Statement The greatest burden of younger than 5 years mortality is in low- and middle-income nations where education resources are often few. World Health Organization recommends scale-up simulation these settings, but it has been poorly studied. Although there an increase contextualized resuscitation programs designed for sustaining clinical outcomes provider skill retention have remained research gaps. Our team a study to evaluate after initial Helping Babies Breathe training at...

Objectives Suprastomal stents are routinely used in laryngotracheal reconstruction (LTR) to stabilize grafts and provide framework sites of repair. However, the duration stenting varies according patient history physician preference. We examined outcomes short- versus long-term children with subglottic stenosis (SGS) undergoing LTR. Study Design Case series chart review. Setting Tertiary care pediatric hospital. Subjects Methods Thirty-six <18 years old who underwent double-stage LTR for SGS...

Poststroke dysphagia is characterized by deficits in lingual function. However, correlations between function and oral pharyngeal swallowing impairments have not been well defined. The aim of this preliminary study was to explore if tongue pressure generative capacity patients after ischemic stroke associated with oropharyngeal impairments. A cross-sectional convenience sample underwent a videofluoroscopic (VFSS) completed measures (Saliva Swallow Pressure, maximum isometric [MIP], Maximum...