A5025500452- Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology
- Immune Response and Inflammation
- Mycobacterium research and diagnosis
- Immune responses and vaccinations
- Immunodeficiency and Autoimmune Disorders
- Pharmacological Effects of Natural Compounds
- Cytokine Signaling Pathways and Interactions
- Cancer therapeutics and mechanisms
- Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia detection and treatment
- Immune cells in cancer
- interferon and immune responses
- Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria
- Alcohol Consumption and Health Effects
- Immune Cell Function and Interaction
- Diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis
- Liver Disease Diagnosis and Treatment
- Ethnobotanical and Medicinal Plants Studies
- Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
- NF-κB Signaling Pathways
- Cytomegalovirus and herpesvirus research
- RNA and protein synthesis mechanisms
- Autophagy in Disease and Therapy
- Sirtuins and Resveratrol in Medicine
- T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- RNA modifications and cancer
International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology
2015-2024
Translational Health Science and Technology Institute
2023
National Institute of Immunology
2023
Centro de Ingeniería Genética y Biotecnología
2022
Jawaharlal Nehru University
2016-2020
International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology
2011-2020
University of KwaZulu-Natal
2014-2015
Indian Council of Medical Research
2014
Virus Unit
2014
Park University
2014
Despite its relatively poor efficacy, Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) has been used as a tuberculosis (TB) vaccine since development in 1921. BCG induces robust T helper 1 (Th1) immune responses but, for many individuals, this is not sufficient host resistance against Mycobacterium (M. tb) infection. Here we provide evidence that early secreted antigenic target protein 6 (ESAT-6), expressed by the virulent M. tb strain H37Rv but BCG, promotes vaccine-enhancing Th17 cell responses. These...
Mycobacterium tuberculosis ( Mtb ) employs plethora of mechanisms to hijack the host defence machinery for its successful survival, proliferation and persistence. Here, we show that upregulates one key epigenetic modulators, NAD+ dependent histone deacetylase Sirtuin 2 (SIRT2), which upon infection translocate nucleus deacetylates H3K18, thus modulating transcriptome leading enhanced macrophage activation. Furthermore, in specific T cells, SIRT2 NFκB-p65 at K310 modulate helper cell...
Stimulation of naïve T cells during primary infection or vaccination drives the differentiation and expansion effector memory that mediate immediate long-term protection. Despite self-reliant rescue from infection, BCG vaccination, treatment, is rarely established against Mycobacterium tuberculosis ( M . tb ) resulting in recurrent (TB). Here, we show berberine (BBR) enhances innate defense mechanisms stimulates Th1/Th17 specific (T EM ), central CM tissue-resident RM responses leading to...
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major infectious disease worldwide. TB treatment displays biphasic bacterial clearance, in which the majority of bacteria clear within first month treatment, but residual remain nonresponsive to and eventually may become resistant. Here, we have shown that Mycobacterium tuberculosis was taken up by mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), where it established dormancy became highly isoniazid, constituent directly observed short course (DOTS). Dormant M. induced quiescence...
Mycobacterium tuberculosis ( M.tb ) effectively manipulates the host processes to establish deadly respiratory disease, Tuberculosis (TB). has developed key mechanisms disrupt cell health combat immune responses and replicate efficaciously. antigens such as ESAT-6, 19kDa lipoprotein, Hip1, Hsp70 destroy integrity of organelles (Mitochondria, Endoplasmic Reticulum, Nucleus, Phagosomes) or delay innate/adaptive responses. This is followed by induction cellular stress in host. Such cells can...
Intercellular adhesion molecules (ICAMs) belong to the immunoglobulin superfamily and participate in diverse cellular processes including host–pathogen interactions. ICAM-1 is expressed on various cell types macrophages, whereas ICAM-4 restricted red blood cells. Here we report identification of an 11-kDa synthetic protein, M5, that binds human ICAM-4, as shown by vitro interaction studies, surface plasmon resonance immunolocalization. M5 greatly inhibits invasion macrophages erythrocytes...
Tuberculosis affects nine million individuals and kills almost two people every year. The only vaccine available, Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG), has been used since its inception in 1921. Although BCG induces host-protective T helper 1 (Th1) cell immune responses, which play a central role host protection, efficacy is unsatisfactory, suggesting that additional methods to enhance protective responses are needed. Recently we have shown simultaneous inhibition of Th2 cells Tregs by using the...
Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB), resides and replicates within phagocytes persists in susceptible hosts by modulating protective innate immune responses. Furthermore, M. promotes T helper 2 (Th2) responses altering balance cell polarizing cytokines infected cells. However, that regulate Th2 differentiation during TB infection remain unknown. Here we show IL-1β, produced virulent strain H37Rv, directs differentiation. In sharp contrast, vaccine bacille...
Tuberculosis remains the biggest infectious threat to humanity with one-third of population infected and 1.4 million deaths 8.7 new cases annually. Current tuberculosis therapy is lengthy consists multiple antimicrobials, which causes poor compliance high treatment dropout, resulting in development drug-resistant variants tuberculosis. Therefore, alternate methods treat are urgently needed. Mycobacterium evades host immune responses by inducing T helper (Th)2 regulatory (Treg) cell...
The widespread availability and use of modern synthetic therapeutic agents have led to a massive decline in ethnomedical therapies. However, these often possess toxicity leading various adverse effects. For instance, anti-tubercular treatment (ATT) is toxic, lengthy, severely impairs host immunity, resulting posttreatment vulnerability reinfection reactivation tuberculosis (TB). Incomplete ATT enhances the risk for generation multidrug- or extensively drug-resistant (MDR XDR, respectively)...
Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) generates limited long-lasting adaptive memory responses leading to short-lived protection against adult pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). Here, we show that host sirtuin 2 (SIRT2) inhibition by AGK2 significantly enhances the BCG vaccine efficacy during primary infection and TB recurrence through enhanced stem cell (TSCM) responses. SIRT2 modulated proteome landscape of CD4+ T cells affecting pathways involved in cellular metabolism T-cell differentiation....
Pedilanthus tithymaloides (PT), a widely used ethnomedicinal plant, has been employed to treat number of skin conditions. To extend its utility and fully exploit medicinal potential, we have evaluated the in vitro antiviral activity methanolic extract PT leaves isolated compounds against Herpes Simplex Virus type 2 (HSV-2). Bioactivity-guided studies revealed that one constituents, luteolin, had potent wild-type clinical isolates HSV-2 (EC50 48.5–52.6 22.4–27.5 μg/ml, respectively), with...
Tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the greatest health concerns worldwide, which has hindered socio-economic development in certain parts world for many centuries. Although current TB therapy, "Directly Observed Treatment Short-course," is effective, it associated with unwanted side effects and risk generation drug-resistant organisms. The majority infected individuals suc-cessfully confine mycobacterial organisms remain asymptotic unless immune responses are perturbed. Thus, host immunity can...