Earlier studies in this laboratory have shown the potential of artemisinin-curcumin combination therapy experimental malaria. In a parasite recrudescence model mice infected with Plasmodium berghei (ANKA), single dose alpha,beta-arteether (ART) three oral doses curcumin prevented recrudescence, providing almost 95% protection. The parasites were completely cleared blood ART-alone (AE) or ART+curcumin (AC) treatments short-term, although clearance was faster latter case involving increased...

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major infectious disease worldwide. TB treatment displays biphasic bacterial clearance, in which the majority of bacteria clear within first month treatment, but residual remain nonresponsive to and eventually may become resistant. Here, we have shown that Mycobacterium tuberculosis was taken up by mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), where it established dormancy became highly isoniazid, constituent directly observed short course (DOTS). Dormant M. induced quiescence...

Aim: Considering the present alarming situation of COVID-19 pandemic, we concentrated on evaluating efficacy a novel natural antiviral drug-candidate andrographolide against SARS-CoV-2 through an in silico model study. Materials & methods: Interaction major host molecules that are responsible for pathogenesis were determined using bio-computational tools, other words, molecular docking, dynamics simulation and pharmacodynamics-pharmacokinetics analysis. Result: Computational findings...

Tuberculosis affects nine million individuals and kills almost two people every year. The only vaccine available, Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG), has been used since its inception in 1921. Although BCG induces host-protective T helper 1 (Th1) cell immune responses, which play a central role host protection, efficacy is unsatisfactory, suggesting that additional methods to enhance protective responses are needed. Recently we have shown simultaneous inhibition of Th2 cells Tregs by using the...

Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB), resides and replicates within phagocytes persists in susceptible hosts by modulating protective innate immune responses. Furthermore, M. promotes T helper 2 (Th2) responses altering balance cell polarizing cytokines infected cells. However, that regulate Th2 differentiation during TB infection remain unknown. Here we show IL-1β, produced virulent strain H37Rv, directs differentiation. In sharp contrast, vaccine bacille...

Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of resides and replicates within susceptible hosts by inhibiting host antimicrobial mechanisms. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), produced M. tuberculosis–infected macrophages, exerts a variety immunomodulatory functions via 4 receptors (EP1–EP4), each mediating distinct PGE2 functions. Here, we show that tuberculosis infection selectively upregulates EP2 messenger RNA expression in CD4+ T cells. We found deficiency mice increases susceptibility to...

Tuberculosis remains the biggest infectious threat to humanity with one-third of population infected and 1.4 million deaths 8.7 new cases annually. Current tuberculosis therapy is lengthy consists multiple antimicrobials, which causes poor compliance high treatment dropout, resulting in development drug-resistant variants tuberculosis. Therefore, alternate methods treat are urgently needed. Mycobacterium evades host immune responses by inducing T helper (Th)2 regulatory (Treg) cell...

Tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the greatest health concerns worldwide, which has hindered socio-economic development in certain parts world for many centuries. Although current TB therapy, "Directly Observed Treatment Short-course," is effective, it associated with unwanted side effects and risk generation drug-resistant organisms. The majority infected individuals suc-cessfully confine mycobacterial organisms remain asymptotic unless immune responses are perturbed. Thus, host immunity can...

Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the deadliest diseases, causing ∼2 million deaths annually worldwide. Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), only TB vaccine in common use, effective against disseminated and meningeal young children but not adult pulmonary TB.

Migration not only affects the physical count of population an area but also composition and distribution across area. can be responsible for changing economic socio-cultural setting a place. It is widely accepted view that COVID pandemic had been one most recent changes in dynamics world. In India exodus migrant labour from cities to villages, reverse migration successfully challenged changed previous status quo distribution. Reverse has led numbers males females within villages India. But...

Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the deadliest diseases, claiming ~2 million deaths annually worldwide. The majority people in TB endemic regions are vaccinated with Bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG), which only usable vaccine available. BCG efficacious against meningeal and disseminated children, but protective responses relatively short-lived fail to protect adult pulmonary TB. longevity efficacy critically depends on magnitude long-lasting central memory T (TCM) cells, a major source stem...

(L.), commonly known as carrom seeds or Ajwain, has been extensively studied for its medicinal properties. In this study, anti-mycobacterial effect of AEO in liquid and fume form was investigated against

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb) is the causative agent of Tuberculosis, one deadliest infectious diseases. According to WHO Report 2023, in 2022, approximately 10.6 million people got infected with TB, and 1.6 died. It has multiple antibiotics for treatment, but major drawback anti-tuberculosis therapy (ATT) is, its prolonged treatment duration. The contributors lengthy period are mycobacterial persistence drug tolerance. Persistent M. tb phenotypically tolerant metabolically slow down...

Abstract It is often argued that strong macroeconomic fundamentals along with weak integration international financial markets acted as major buffers for least developed countries (LDCs) against fallouts of the recent global and economic crisis. This paper examines hypothesis LDCs had in wake crisis by studying Impulse Response Functions (IRFs) Gross Domestic Product per capita during With treatment a transmission shocks utilisation IRFs, finds substantial rather persistent output growth...

This paper will assess the final outcome document of Open Working Group (OWG) on Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Following a brief history process, it evaluates how proposed OWG goals and targets reflect three pillars sustainable development, examines to what extent serves overarching transformative development agenda, assesses content candidate with view further consolidate post-2015 framework. identifies areas where there exists scope fine-tune targets, including categorization,...

TGF-β is a pleiotropic cytokine that predominantly exerts inhibitory functions in the immune system. Unexpectedly, vitro differentiation of both Th17 and Tc17 cells requires TGF-β. However, animals are impaired signaling (TGF-βRIIDN mice) display multiorgan autoimmune disorders. Here we show CD4(+) T from TGF-βRIIDN mice resistant to cell and, paradoxically, CD8(+) these spontaneously acquire an IL-17-producing phenotype. Neutralization IL-17 or depletion dramatically inhibited inflammation...