Background/Objectives: In chronic hepatitis B infection (CHB), the surface antigen (HBsAg) continuously exhausts antibody (HBsAb), which leads to formation of immune tolerance. Accordingly, virus (HBV) can be blocked by inhibiting binding pre-S1/pre-S2 hepatocyte receptor NTCP, but clinical cure rate pre-S-based vaccines for CHB is limited. Methods: this study, we designed and prepared multivalent therapeutic mRNA encoding three proteins (L, M, S) at cell membrane, verified via in vitro...

Orthogonal Time Frequency Space (OTFS) has attracted the attention of researchers due to its excellent BER performance in high-speed mobile scenarios. In this letter, a low complexity Minimum Mean Square Error Serial Interference Cancellation (MMSE-SIC) receiver is proposed, which replaces computationally intensive matrix inversion calculations symbol decision process with two algorithms. Firstly, LDLH decomposition algorithm proposed based on properties equivalent channel matrix. Secondly,...

In this study, we propose a method for direction of arrival (DOA) estimation mixed circular and noncircular coherently distributed (CD) sources under impulsive noise. The existing methods estimate the angular parameters CD simultaneously Gaussian noise, but they encounter issues such as low resolution at small separation performance degradation To overcome these challenges, first construct an augmented norm covariance to mitigate effects then present high-resolution DOA approach that handles...

Accurate channel state identification can improve the accuracy of ultrawideband (UWB) indoor positioning. In complex environments, existing methods suffer from high costs. Meanwhile, these pay little attention to different localization errors caused by weak -non-line-of-sight (WLOS) and non-line-of-sight (NLOS). this letter, a method that identify line-of-sight (LOS), WLOS, NLOS is proposed for use in single scenario based on Stockwell transform convolutional neural networks (ST-CNN)....

For the design and performance evaluation of broadband wireless communication systems in High-Speed Railway (HSR) environments, it is crucial importance to have accurate realistic propagation channel model. Based on real measurement data U-Shape Groove (USG) scenarios at 2.35 GHz Zhengzhou-Xi'an (ZX) HSR China, fading characteristics such as path loss, shadowing, K factor, time dispersivity Doppler effects are specialized. These technical guidelines will promote development system under HSR.

This paper presents results from a wide band single-input–single-output (SISO) and 16 <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M1"><mml:mrow><mml:mo>×</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:math> virtual multiple-input–multiple-output (MIMO) measurement campaign at center frequency of 1.4725 GHz in 100-meter long tunnel laboratory which is terminated by vertical wall with metallic door. The path loss, root-mean-square delay spread (RMS-DS) characteristics, power profiles (PDPs) are...

Based on the realistic channel measurement High-Speed Railway (HSR) in viaduct scenarios at 2.35 GHz, dynamic evolution of multipath components is investigated from birth-death process point view. Due to distinction amount resolvable signals, divided into five segments and can be completely parameterized by several sets statistical parameters associated with type environment scenario. Then four-state Markov chain, describing number variation detected propagation waves, employed specialize...

A new approach based on conventional propagation graph channel modeling was proposed to haracterize the wireless in non-light of sight (NLOS) tunnel scenarios. The scattering points are regarded as several sets, which different from propagation-graph theory, then transfer probability among sets is introduced adjust impulse response (CIR) taps. advantage method that wideband coefficients, CIR delay, antennas' correlation coefficient, angle arrival (AOA), departure (AOD), capacity can be...

This paper focuses on the analysis of propagation characteristics for train-ground communication (TGC) systems in tunnel scenarios at both low frequency and millimeter-wave (mmWave) bands, based ray-tracing (RT) simulation. The material parameters RT simulation are calibrated by measurement data collected realistic environments. A practical three dimension (3D) TGC environment considering existence train cars is established, which further divided into kinds scenarios, involving direct...

The development of 6G has led to the need for communication systems realize low latency, high throughput and stable connectivity. To achieve these goals, Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface emerged. However, RIS with massive elements, overhead caused by channel estimation feedback is not negligible. In this article, we address problem using irregular RIS, which essentially involves irregularly rationing a specified number reflective elements on an surface, providing additional spatial degrees...

Accurate identification of Line-of-Sight (LOS) and Non-Line-of-Sight (NLOS) conditions can enhance the precision indoor positioning. This paper proposes a method for identifying LOS NLOS channel states in millimeter-wave wireless positioning based on machine learning. In this approach, we introduce angular frequency domain features first time combine them with traditional characteristics to improve accuracy LOS/NLOS scene classification. The utilizes an artificial neural network analyze five...

This paper presents the nonisotropic scattering characteristic of mobile radio channel in an alternant tree-blocked viaduct scenario on high-speed railway (HSR) by real field measuring at 2.35 GHz. An angle arrival (AOA) probability density function (PDF) is proposed for nonuniform AOA caused stochastically distributed scatterers. Two Von Mises angular distributions with broad applicability are used to represent line sight (LOS) component and part model. Based such a PDF statistical...

In this paper, a new geometry-based channel characterization technique for the high-speed railway scenarios is employed by using graphic methods. The multi-dimensional parameters, such as time delay and Doppler property, can be extracted analytically specific environment. By graph modeling approach, impulse responses (CIRs) calculated searching propagation paths, which provide solid theoretical foundation high-quality research of ultra-high-speed mobile communications. Then Von Mises...

The non-stationary properties based on Markov chains are proposed to describe the wireless propagation mechanism of High Speed Railway (HSR) under viaduct scenarios. This modeling method reveals statistical behaviors persistence process corresponding a resolvable multipath component. Based upon channel measurement Beijing-Tianjin HSR at 2.35 GHz, transition probability matrix and steady-state specified. These model parameters informative for link-level simulation prototype verification...

In the existing literatures, researchers naturally believe that single-tone jamming (STJ) targeting at central frequency of minimum shift keying (MSK) modulation shall be optimal strategy. However, it is not truth. this paper, bit error rate (BER) performance MSK signaling under different STJ distribution derived. Interestingly, found necessarily optimal. some conditions, carrier has a better effect. addition, for frequency, influence phase discrepancy between signal and legitimate on BER...

Centralized, cooperative, cloud radio access network (CRAN) is a novel wireless architecture which can provide low cost and high performance. Applying C-RAN on broadband system for highspeed railway (HSR) may improve the quality of existing architecture. In this paper, we describe current research status some difficulties HSR. We then mainly focus advantages Major technical issues application are also discussed. Finally, based analysis above, believe that serve as feasible candidate future

Abstract In recent years, high‐speed railway and subway are being built rapidly in China. Tunnel scenario is a major some of the railways most subways. Channel characteristic decisive condition wireless communication system design tunnel. The availability multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) tunnel an important issue next generation network. This paper presents results from wideband measurement campaign at center frequency 1.4725 6 GHz laboratory. path loss, root‐mean‐square delay spread...

In the field of spectrum sensing for cognitive radio networks, there exists a category eigenvalue based algorithms by analyzing limiting distribution sample covariance matrix. this paper, an novel algorithm on ratio maximum to signal energy (MEE) is proposed under Gaussian white noisy environment. The corresponding probabilities detection and detector robustness in low noise (SNR) are derived. Moreover, improved difference between minimum (DMM) alpha-stable proposed. relation probability...