A5037711850- Photosynthetic Processes and Mechanisms
- Plant Water Relations and Carbon Dynamics
- Plant responses to elevated CO2
- Light effects on plants
- Plant Stress Responses and Tolerance
- Greenhouse Technology and Climate Control
- Plant nutrient uptake and metabolism
- Plant Physiology and Cultivation Studies
- Bioenergy crop production and management
- Crop Yield and Soil Fertility
- Lipid metabolism and biosynthesis
- Biofuel production and bioconversion
- Plant Molecular Biology Research
- Remote Sensing in Agriculture
- Soybean genetics and cultivation
- Algal biology and biofuel production
- Leaf Properties and Growth Measurement
- Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics
- Plant responses to water stress
- Genetics and Plant Breeding
- Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols
- Photoreceptor and optogenetics research
- Postharvest Quality and Shelf Life Management
- Flowering Plant Growth and Cultivation
- Plant Genetic and Mutation Studies
University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
2015-2025
University of Cambridge
2008-2025
Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology
2024
Plant (United States)
2022
Google (United States)
2016
Wageningen University & Research
2008-2014
Trinity College Dublin
2008
Teagasc - The Irish Agriculture and Food Development Authority
2008
Crop leaves in full sunlight dissipate damaging excess absorbed light energy as heat. When sunlit are shaded by clouds or other leaves, this protective dissipation continues for many minutes and reduces photosynthesis. Calculations have shown that could cost field crops up to 20% of their potential yield. Here, we describe the bioengineering an accelerated response natural shading events Nicotiana (tobacco), resulting increased leaf carbon dioxide uptake plant dry matter productivity about...
Chlorophyll (Chl) a fluorescence induction (transient), measured by exposing dark-adapted samples to high light, shows polyphasic rise, which has been the subject of extensive research over several decades. Several Chl parameters based on this transient have defined, most widely used being FV [= (FM-F0)]/FM ratio as proxy for maximum quantum yield PSII photochemistry. However, considerable additional information may be derived from analysis shape transient. In fact, performance indices (PIs)...
Abstract Insufficient water availability for crop production is a mounting barrier to achieving the 70% increase in food that will be needed by 2050. One solution develop crops require less per unit mass of production. Water vapor transpires from leaves through stomata, which also facilitate influx CO 2 during photosynthetic assimilation. Here, we hypothesize Photosystem II Subunit S ( PsbS ) expression affects chloroplast-derived signal stomatal opening response light, can used improve...
Summary Photosynthetic induction describes the transient increase in leaf CO 2 uptake with an light. During induction, efficiency is lower than at steady state. Under field conditions of fluctuating light, this during may cost > 20% potential crop assimilation. Accelerating would boost photosynthetic and resource‐use efficiencies. Variation between rice accessions for accelerating was analysed by gas exchange. Induction shade to sun transitions 14 representing five subpopulations from...
Plants depend on photosynthesis for growth. In nature, factors such as temperature, humidity, CO2 partial pressure, and spectrum intensity of irradiance often fluctuate. Whereas is most influential has been studied in detail, understanding interactions with other lacking.We tested how photosynthetic induction after dark-light transitions was affected by pressure (20, 40, 80 Pa), leaf temperatures (15·5, 22·8, 30·5 °C), leaf-to-air vapour deficits (VPDleaf-air; 0·5, 0·8, 1·6, 2·3 kPa) blue...
Abstract Maize (Zea mays L.) is a global crop species in which CO2 assimilation occurs via the C4 pathway. photosynthesis typically more efficient than C3 under warm and dry conditions; however, despite this inherent advantage, considerable variation remains photosynthetic efficiency for that could be leveraged to benefit performance. Here, we investigate genetic architecture of nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ) photosystem II (PSII) using combination high-throughput phenotyping quantitative...
Abstract Stable transformation of plants is a powerful tool for hypothesis testing. A rapid and reliable evaluation method the transgenic allele copy number homozygosity vital in analysing these transformations. Here suitability Southern blot analysis, thermal asymmetric interlaced (TAIL‐)PCR, quantitative (q)PCR digital droplet (dd)PCR to estimate T‐DNA number, locus complexity were compared tobacco. analysis ddPCR on three generations offspring with contrasting zygosity entirely...
Abstract Arundo donax has attracted interest as a potential bioenergy crop due to high apparent productivity. It uses C3 photosynthesis yet appears competitive with C4 grass biomass feedstock’s and grows in warm conditions where species might be expected that productive. Despite this there been no systematic study of leaf photosynthetic properties. This determines photorespiratory parameters for leaves natural stand A. growing southern Portugal. We hypothesise low light, stomatal limitation...
Significance The ability of plants to initiate systemic responses local biotic and abiotic stress is well known. One such example takes place after exposure high-light episodes involves an initial, accumulation reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the region exposed excessive light. Overexcitation photosynthetic apparatus has long been known lead ROS production, but whether this necessary sufficient not Here, we show that synthesis also requires NADPH oxidases located bundle-sheath strands...
Although improving photosynthetic efficiency is widely recognized as an underutilized strategy to increase crop yields, research in this area strongly biased towards species with C3 photosynthesis relative C4 species. Here, we outline potential strategies for yields crops by reviewing the major bottlenecks limiting NADP-malic enzyme pathway under optimal and suboptimal conditions. Recent experimental results demonstrate that steady-state non-stressed conditions can be enhanced increasing...
ABSTRACT The ability to concentrate CO 2 around Rubisco allows C 4 crops suppress photorespiration. However, as phosphoenolpyruvate regeneration requires ATP, the energetic efficiency of pathway at low photosynthetic flux densities (PFD) becomes a balancing act between primary fixation and concentration in mesophyll (M) cells, reduction bundle sheath (BS) cells. At PFD, retro‐diffusion from BS relative rate bicarbonate M cells (termed leakiness φ ), is known increase. This paper investigates...
Extensive evaluation of gm and photosynthetic efficiency Arabidopsis aquaporin knock-out lines using a range methods measurement conditions failed to establish significant deviations from the Col-0 background.
Improving leaf intrinsic water-use efficiency ( iWUE ), the ratio of photosynthetic CO 2 assimilation to stomatal conductance, could decrease crop freshwater consumption. has primarily been studied under steady-state light, but light in stands rapidly fluctuates. Leaf responses these fluctuations substantially affect overall plant performance. Notably, photosynthesis responds faster than stomata decreases intensity: this desynchronization results substantial loss . Traits that improve...
Leaf-level gas exchange data support the mechanistic understanding of plant fluxes carbon and water. These inform our ecosystem function, are an important constraint on parameterization terrestrial biosphere models, necessary to understand response plants global environmental change, integral efforts improve crop production. Collection these using analyzers can be both technically challenging time consuming, individual studies generally focus a small range species, restricted periods, or...
Improving photosynthetic efficiency has recently emerged as a promising way to increase crop production in sustainable manner. While chloroplast size may affect several ways, we aimed explore whether manipulation can be viable approach improving performance. Several tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) lines with contrasting sizes were generated via of division genes assess performance under steady-state and fluctuating light. A selection was included field trial productivity. Lines enlarged...
Summary γ‐Aminobutyric acid (GABA) accumulates rapidly under stress via the GABA shunt pathway, which has been implicated in reducing accumulation of stress‐induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) plants. demonstrated to act as a guard‐cell signal Arabidopsis thaliana , modulating stomatal opening. Knockout major synthesis enzyme Glutamate Decarboxylase 2 ( GAD2 ) increases aperture gad2 mutants, results greater conductance and reduces water‐use efficiency compared with wild‐type Here, we...
Abstract The stomatal response to red light appears link conductance (gs) with photosynthetic rates. Initially, it was suggested that changes in intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) provide the main cue via a Ci-dependent response. However, evidence for Ci-independent mechanisms suggests an additional, more direct relationship photosynthesis. While both and -independent clearly function responses, little is known regarding their relative contribution. present study aimed quantify magnitude...
Abstract Perennial species with the C4 pathway hold promise for biomass-based energy sources. We have explored extent that CO2 uptake of such may be limited by light in a temperate climate. One energetic cost is leakiness (ϕ) bundle sheath tissues, whereby variable proportion CO2, concentrated cells, retrodiffuses back to mesophyll. In this study, we scale ϕ from leaf canopy level Miscanthus crop (Miscanthus × giganteus hybrid) under field conditions and model likely limitations fixation. At...