A5043505490- Global Public Health Policies and Epidemiology
- Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology
- Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia detection and treatment
- Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- HIV-related health complications and treatments
- HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
- Urban Transport and Accessibility
- HIV/AIDS Impact and Responses
- Health disparities and outcomes
- Mycobacterium research and diagnosis
- Chronic Disease Management Strategies
- Primary Care and Health Outcomes
- Infectious Diseases and Tuberculosis
- Global Maternal and Child Health
- Healthcare Systems and Reforms
- Health Policy Implementation Science
- Air Quality and Health Impacts
- COVID-19 epidemiological studies
- Diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis
- Child Nutrition and Water Access
- Climate Change and Health Impacts
- Urban and Rural Development Challenges
- Traffic and Road Safety
- Food Security and Health in Diverse Populations
- Physical Activity and Health
University of Cambridge
2017-2025
MRC Epidemiology Unit
2018-2025
University of Pretoria
2023-2025
Federal University of Technology
2024-2025
Johns Hopkins Hospital
2025
Bloomberg (United States)
2025
Olabisi Onabanjo University
2025
University of Cape Town
2015-2024
Medical Research Council
2019-2024
Centre Virchow-Villermé
2023
The informal settlements of the Global South are least prepared for pandemic COVID-19 since basic needs such as water, toilets, sewers, drainage, waste collection, and secure adequate housing already in short supply or non-existent. Further, space constraints, violence, overcrowding slums make physical distancing self-quarantine impractical, rapid spread an infection highly likely. Residents also economically vulnerable during any responses. Any responses to that do not recognize these...
Paradoxical tuberculosis-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (TB-IRIS) is a frequent complication of antiretroviral therapy in resource-limited countries. We aimed to assess whether 4-week course prednisone would reduce morbidity patients with paradoxical TB-IRIS without excess adverse events.
Using a microarray-based approach, Michael Levin and colleagues develop disease risk score to distinguish active from latent tuberculosis, as well tuberculosis other diseases, using whole blood samples. Please see later in the article for Editors' Summary
Many low and middle-income countries are experiencing colliding epidemics of chronic infectious (ID) non-communicable diseases (NCD). As a result, the prevalence multiple morbidities (MM) is rising.We conducted study to describe epidemiology MM in primary care clinic Khayelitsha. Adults with at least one HIV, tuberculosis (TB), diabetes (DM), hypertension (HPT) were identified between Sept 2012-May 2013 on electronic databases. Using unique patient identifiers, drugs prescribed across all...
Vitamin D deficiency is associated with susceptibility to tuberculosis (TB) in HIV-uninfected people Europe, but it not known whether such an association exists among HIV-infected subtropical Africa. We conducted a cross-sectional study determine vitamin was active TB ( n = 196) and 174) black Africans Cape Town, South also investigated there evidence of seasonal variation status notifications this setting over 8-y period. (serum 25-hydroxyvitamin [25(OH)D] <50 nmol/L) present 232 (62.7%)...
Rationale Globally there are approximately 9 million new active tuberculosis cases and 1.4 deaths annually. Effective antituberculosis treatment monitoring is difficult as no existing biomarkers of poor adherence or inadequate earlier than 2 months after initiation. Inadequate leads to worsening disease, disease transmission drug resistance. Objectives To determine if blood transcriptional signatures change in response could act early a successful response. Methods Blood profiles untreated...
Paradoxical neurologic tuberculosis-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (TB-IRIS) is a potentially life-threatening condition that occurs within 3 months after starting combination antiretroviral therapy (ART). The reports in the published literature are anecdotal, and prevalence outcomes of TB-IRIS unknown.We prospectively assessed patients with suspected from June 2005 through October 2007 at our hospital Cape Town, South Africa. We defined paradoxical use consensus...
The burden of non-communicable diseases is rising, particularly in low and middle-income countries undergoing rapid epidemiological transition. In sub-Saharan Africa, this occurring against a background infectious chronic disease epidemics, HIV tuberculosis. Consequently, multi-morbidity, the co-existence more than one condition person, increasing; particular multimorbidity due to comorbid (CNCICD). Such complex major challenge existing models healthcare delivery there need ensure integrated...
BackgroundHIV-1 infection is associated with increased risk of tuberculosis and a safe effective vaccine would assist control measures. We assessed the safety, immunogenicity, efficacy candidate vaccine, modified vaccinia virus Ankara expressing antigen 85A (MVA85A), in adults infected HIV-1.MethodsWe did randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial MVA85A HIV-1, at two clinical sites, Cape Town, South Africa Dakar, Senegal. Eligible participants were aged 18–50 years, had no...
Rationale: Tuberculosis kills more than 1.5 million people per year, and standard treatment has remained unchanged for 30 years. (TB) drives matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity to cause immunopathology. In advanced HIV infection, tissue destruction is reduced, but underlying mechanisms are poorly defined no current antituberculous therapy reduces host damage.Objectives: To investigate MMP in patients with TB without coinfection determine the potential of doxycycline inhibit MMPs decrease...
Preventing Chronic Disease (PCD) is a peer-reviewed electronic journal established by the National Center for Prevention and Health Promotion. PCD provides an open exchange of information knowledge among researchers, practitioners, policy makers, others who strive to improve health public through chronic disease prevention.
Background Over the last 30 years, South Africa has experienced four ‘colliding epidemics’ of HIV and tuberculosis, chronic illness mental health, injury violence, maternal, neonatal, child mortality, which have had substantial effects on health well-being. Using data from 2019 Global Burden Diseases, Injuries Risk Factors Study (GBD 2019), we evaluated national provincial trends progress towards important Sustainable Development Goal targets 1990 to 2019. Methods We analysed GBD estimates...
Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), remains one of the world's largest infectious disease problems. Despite decades intensive study, immune response to Mtb is incompletely characterised, reflecting extremely complex interaction between pathogen and host. Pathways that may alter balance host protection pathogenesis are therefore great interest. One pathway shown play a role in chronic infections, including TB, programmed death-1 (PD-1) pathway. We show here...
<h3>Background</h3> The prevalence of asymptomatic tuberculosis (TB) in recently diagnosed HIV-1-infected persons attending pre-antiretroviral therapy (ART) clinics is not well described. In addition, it unclear if the detection <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> these patients clearly represents an early phase leading to progressive disease or transient excretion bacilli. <h3>Objective</h3> To describe and outcome subclinical TB eligible for ART. <h3>Methods</h3> study was conducted 274...
The Cities and Health journal sees its launch in 2017. Looking back over half a century of growth global expansion economic activity, although there have been societal benefits, negative impacts are starting to take their toll on planetary resources human health. As we enter what is being termed Anthropocene, the city becoming preferred habitat for humanity. imprint lifestyles, terms both resource use waste, found across globe, threatening ecosystem services that support our In cities...
This study utilised data from the National Income Dynamics Study, a longitudinal with sample of approximately 28 000 people, to investigate cross-sectional and spatial distribution multimorbidity association socioeconomic disadvantage in South Africa for 2008 2012. Multimorbidity increased prevalence 2.73% 2.84% adults between 2012 was associated age, deprivation, obesity urban areas. Hypertension found frequently coexisting diabetes. Spatial analysis showed clusters (hot spots) higher parts...