Significance The question of the computational capacities brains widely separated genera animals is interest to behavioral biologists, comparative psychologists, neuroscientists, philosophers mind, and—we believe—much scientific community. Half a century ago, claim that any nonhuman animal had cognitive map was deeply controversial. If true, it greatly favored theory as opposed an antirepresentational behaviorist theory. Now well established by and neurobiological evidence rodents have...

Common dolphins, Delphinus sp., are one of the marine mammal species tourism operations in New Zealand focus on. While effects cetacean-watching activities have previously been examined coastal regions Zealand, this study is first to investigate commercial and recreational vessels on common dolphins an open oceanic habitat. Observations from both independent research vessel aboard tour operating off central east coast Bay Plenty, North Island, were used assess dolphin behaviour record level...

Following general anesthesia, people are often confused about the time of day and experience sleep disruption fatigue. It has been hypothesized that these symptoms may be caused by anesthesia affecting circadian clock. The clock is fundamental to our well-being because it regulates almost all aspects daily biochemistry, physiology, behavior. Here, we investigated effects most common anesthetic, isoflurane, on perception using honeybee ( Apis mellifera) as a model. A 6-h daytime anesthetic...

When conducting field studies, it is common for ecologists to choose the locations of sampling units arbitrarily at time occurs, rather than using a properly randomised design. Unfortunately, this ‘haphazard’ approach cannot provide formal statistical inference from sample population without making untestable assumptions. Here, we argue that two recent technological developments remove need haphazard in many situations. A general simple designs outlined, and some examples demonstrate even...

In this paper, we propose an efficient control chart for monitoring small shifts in a process mean scenarios where the variable is observed with correlated auxiliary variable. The proposed chart, called homogeneously weighted moving average (AHWMA) type that uses both and variables form of regression estimator to provide unbiased estimate We design structure examine its performance terms run length properties. Using simulation study, compare several existing methods detecting shift mean. Our...

This paper presents a multivariate homogeneously weighted moving average (MHWMA) control chart for monitoring process mean vector. The MHWMA statistic gives specific weight to the current observation, and remaining is evenly distributed among previous observations. We present design procedure compare run length (ARL) performance of proposed with Chi-square, EWMA, cumulative sum charts. ARL comparison indicates superior over its competitors, particularly detection small shifts in Examples are...

The potential effectiveness of marine protected areas (MPAs) as a conservation tool for large sharks has been questioned due to the limited spatial extent most MPAs in contrast complex life history and high mobility many sharks. Here we evaluated movement dynamics highly migratory apex predatory shark (tiger Galeocerdo cuvier) at Galapagos Marine Reserve (GMR). Using data from satellite tracking passive acoustic telemetry, stereo baited remote underwater video, estimated residency, activity...

Photo-identification (photo-id) of dolphin individuals is a commonly used technique in ecological sciences to monitor state and health individuals, as well study the social structure distribution population. Traditional photo-id involves laborious manual process matching each fin photograph captured field catalogue known individuals. We examine this problem context open-set recognition utilise triplet loss function learn compact representation images Euclidean embedding, where distance...

Abstract Classifying acoustic units is often a key step in studying repertoires and sequence structure animal communication. Manual classification by eye ear remains the primary method, but new tools techniques are urgently needed to expedite process for large, diverse datasets. Here we introduce Koe , an application classifying analysing vocalizations. offers bulk‐labelling of via interactive ordination plots unit tables, as well visualization playback, segmentation, measurement, data...

Here we provide a first assessment of microplastics (MPs) in stomach contents 15 common dolphins (Delphinus delphis) from both single and mass stranding events along the New Zealand coast between 2019 2020. MPs were observed all examined individuals, with an average 7.8 pieces per stomach. Most fragments (77%, n = 90) as opposed to fibres (23%, 27), translucent/clear (46%) most prevalent colour. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy revealed polyethylene terephthalate (65%)...

Population parameters of poorly marked gregarious species are difficult to estimate. This is the case for common dolphins (Delphinus sp.), a genus known its lack distinctive marks resulting in low mark ratio. Furthermore, widespread nature results recaptures. We developed reliable photo-identification protocols ensure accurate identification individuals Hauraki Gulf, New Zealand. These combined use nicks and notches pigmentation patterns included development distinctiveness threshold. The...

This clinical methods comparison study describes the difference between light levels measured at wrist (Actiwatch-L) and eye (Daysimeter) in a postoperative in-patient population. The mean two devices was less than 10 lux 5000 lux. Agreement found to decrease as eye-level exposure increased. Measurements level of or more corresponded greater 100 eye- wrist-level measurements also appears be influenced by time day. During day, measurement differences were on average 50 higher level, whereas...

Study Objectives To determine the prevalence of self-reported circadian-related sleep disorders, medication and melatonin use in New Zealand blind population. Design A telephone survey incorporating 62 questions on habits together with validated questionnaires quality, chronotype seasonality. Participants were grouped into: (i) 157 reduced conscious perception light (RLP); (ii) 156 visually impaired no reduction (LP) matched for age, sex socioeconomic status, (iii) fully-sighted controls...

Wildlife management can influence animal welfare and survival, although both are often not explicitly integrated into decision making. This study explores fundamental concepts key concerns relating to the survival of stranded cetaceans. Using Delphi method, opinions an international, interdisciplinary expert panel were gathered, regarding characterisation cetacean likelihood, knowledge gaps concerns. Experts suggest that should be characterised based on interrelated aspects animals’...

Despite the known benefit of considering welfare within wildlife conservation and management, there remains a lack data to inform such evaluations. To assess animal welfare, relevant information must be captured scientifically systematically. A key first step is identifying potential indicators practicality their measurement. We assessed feasibility evaluating from opportunistically gathered video footage four stranded odontocete species (n = 53) at 14 stranding events around New Zealand....

Song plays a fundamental role in intraspecific communication songbirds. The temporal and structural components of songs can vary different habitats. These include urban habitats where anthropogenic sounds alteration habitat structure significantly affect songbird vocal behavior. Urban-rural variations song complexity, length syllable rate are not fully understood. In this study, using the oriental magpie-robin (Copsychus saularis) as model, we investigated urban-rural variation length, rate,...

Abstract When using control charts to monitor manufacturing processes, the exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) chart is useful for detecting persistent shifts in process parameter. This paper proposes enhancements applications of EWMA those scenarios where exact measurement units difficult and expensive, but visual ordering can be done easily. The proposed use an auxiliary variable that correlated with provide efficient monitoring mean are formulated based on ranked set sampling...

Ecologists commonly use photo-identification of individual animals to monitor the behaviour, state and health a population, since it is cost-effective technique that eliminates need physically capture tag animals. With dolphins, nicks notches dorsal fin are typically used as unique identifying features for each individual; however New Zealand common dolphins relatively unmarked, so most population cannot be identified. Here, we investigate how computer vision can extract information from...

Summary In a prospective, observational trial, we investigated the influence of time day on duration neuromuscular blockade (NMB) elicited by rocuronium. Forty‐nine patients scheduled for surgery between 08:00 and 02:00 were enrolled after giving written informed consent. Time to recovery was measured following three doses: (1) fat‐free‐mass (FFM) related induction dose (0.6 mg.kg −1 : n = 47); (2) maintenance (20% dose: 42); (3) standard 10‐mg (n 35). The extent NMB dependent administration...