Most plant viruses are vectored by insects and the interactions of virus-plant-vector have important ecological evolutionary implications. Insect vectors often perform better on virus-infected plants. This indirect mutualism between insect promotes spread virus has significant agronomical effects. However, few studies investigated how manipulate defenses promote vector performance. Begomoviruses a prominent group in tropical sub-tropical agro-ecosystems transmitted whiteflies. Working with...

Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) is a begomovirus transmitted by the whitefly Bemisia tabaci. The circulative translocation of in insect known its broad line. However, transit TYLCV from digestive tract into haemolymph poorly understood. We studied involvement clathrin this process disrupting clathrin-mediated endocytosis and endosome network using inhibitor feeding, antibody blocking dsRNA silencing. monitored quantities transmission efficiency. Following disruption, quantity was...

Cotton leaf curl disease is one of the most significant constraints to production cotton. In past decades our understanding begomoviruses (family Geminiviridae) causing has improved, but little known regarding transmission these viruses by different species whiteflies in Bemisia tabaci complex. We compared efficiency cotton Multan virus (CLCuMuV), major associated with disease, four whitefly species, which two are indigenous Asia and invasive worldwide. Only II 1 was able transmit this high...

In recent years, Sri Lankan cassava mosaic virus (SLCMV), a begomovirus (genus Begmovirus, family Geminiviridae) causing disease in Asia, poses serious threats to cultivation Asia. However, the transmission of SLCMV areas into which it has recently been introduced remain largely unexplored. Here we have compared efficiencies by three widely distributed whitefly species and found that only Asia II 1 whiteflies were able transmit this efficiently. The different correlate positively with...

Begomoviruses are exclusively transmitted by whiteflies in a persistent circulative manner and cause considerable economic losses to crop production worldwide. Previous studies have shown that begomoviruses accumulate vesicle-like structures whitefly midgut cells clathrin-mediated endocytosis is responsible for their internalization. However, the process which trafficked within remains largely unknown. In this study, we investigated roles of vesicle trafficking transport Tomato yellow leaf...

Abstract Thermal response and tolerance to ambient temperature play important roles in determining the geographic distribution seasonal abundance of insects. We examined survival performance, as well expression three heat shock protein related genes, two species invasive whiteflies, Middle East-Asia Minor 1 (MEAM1) Mediterranean (MED), Bemisia tabaci complex following exposure a range low high temperatures. Our data demonstrated that MED was more tolerant temperatures than MEAM1 species,...

Viruses pose a great threat to animal and plant health worldwide, with many being dependent on insect vectors for transmission between hosts. While the virus–host arms race has been well established, how viruses adapt each other remains poorly understood. Begomoviruses comprise largest genus of plant-infecting DNA are exclusively transmitted by whitefly Bemisia tabaci . Here, we show that vector Janus kinase/signal transducer activator transcription (JAK/STAT) pathway plays an important role...

Abstract For many crop pathogens including viruses, high genetic variation provides them with potential to adapt and prevail in a changing environment. Understanding viruses their significance is key elaborate virus epidemiology evolution. While of plant has been documented impact virus–host interactions, how it affects virus–insect vector interactions remains elusive. Here, we report the mutations coat protein squash leaf curl China (SLCCNV), begomovirus, on interaction between its whitefly...

Apoptosis is generally considered the first line of defense against viral infection. However, role apoptosis in interactions between plant viruses and their insect vectors has rarely been investigated. By studying DNA genus Begomovirus within family Geminiviridae, which are transmitted by whiteflies Bemisia tabaci species complex a persistent manner, we revealed that virus-induced can facilitate accumulation transmission. We found infection with tomato yellow leaf curl virus activated...

The indirect interactions between insect vectors, such as whiteflies, and the viruses they transmit, begomoviruses, via host plants may produce a range of outcome depending on species/strain each three organisms involved, mechanisms underlying variations are not well understood. Here, we observed performance whiteflies types tomato, which vary in level jasmonic acid (JA)-related resistance were either uninfected or infected by begomovirus, to investigate role JA-related mediating...

Insect vector-virus-plant interactions have important ecological and evolutionary implications. The constant struggle of plants against viruses insect vectors has driven the evolution multiple defense strategies in host as well counter-defense vectors. Cotton leaf curl Multan virus (CLCuMuV) is a major causal agent cotton disease Asia exclusively transmitted by whitefly Bemisia tabaci. Here, we report that infected with CLCuMuV its betasatellite CLCuMuB enhance performance B. tabaci vector,...

Hemipteran insects transmit viruses when infesting plants, during which vectors activate salicylic acid (SA)-regulated antiviral defenses. How vector-borne plant circumvent these defenses is largely unexplored. During co-infections of begomoviruses and betasatellites in betasatellite-encoded βC1 proteins interfere with SA signaling reduce the activation resistance. inhibits SA-induced degradation NbNPR3 (Nicotiana benthamiana nonexpressor pathogenesis-related genes 3), a negative regulator...

Plant-mediated interactions between plant viruses and their vectors are important determinants of the population dynamics both types organisms in field. The whitefly Bemisia tabaci can establish mutualism with begomoviruses via shared host plants. This is achieved by interaction virulence factors proteins. While factor βC1 encoded tomato yellow leaf curl China betasatellite (TYLCCNB), a subviral agent associated to begomovirus virus (TYLCCNV), may interact protein MYC2, thereby establishing...

Cotton leaf curl Multan virus (CLCuMuV) is one of the major casual agents cotton disease. Previous studies show that two indigenous whitefly species Bemisia tabaci complex, Asia II 1 and 7, are able to transmit CLCuMuV, but molecular mechanisms underlying transmission poorly known. In this study, we attempted identify proteins involved in CLCuMuV transmission. First, using a yeast two-hybrid system, identified 54 candidate putatively can interact with coat protein CLCuMuV. Second, examined...

In nature, a plant can be infected by multiple viruses simultaneously. However, the effects of coinfection on plant-vector interactions are less well studied. Two begomoviruses family Geminiviridae, Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) and China (TYLCCNV), occur sympatrically in China. Each them is reported to increase performance whitefly vector via manipulation traits. this study, we examined two TYLCV TYLCCNV plant-whitefly interactions, compared that single virus. We found plants showed...

The majority of plant viruses rely on insect vectors for inter-plant transmission. Amid virus transmission, vector-borne such as begomoviruses may significantly modulate host plants in various ways and, turn, palatability to vectors. While many case studies monopartite are available, bipartite understudied. More importantly, detailed elucidation the molecular mechanisms involved is limited. Here, we report by which an emerging begomovirus, Sri Lankan cassava mosaic (SLCMV), modulates...

Recombination is common in plant viruses such as geminiviruses, but the ecological and pathogenic consequences have been explored only a few cases. Here, we found that new begomovirus, tomato yellow leaf curl Shuangbai virus (TYLCSbV), probably originated from recombination of Ageratum vein China (AYVCNV) tobacco shoot (TbCSV). Agrobacterium-mediated inoculation showed TYLCSbV AYVCNV similar levels infectivity on plants. However, two exhibit contrasting specificities for vector transmission,...

Abstract The genomic components of multipartite viruses are encapsidated in separate virus particles, and the frequencies represent one key genetic features. Many begomoviruses economic significance bipartite, details association between their remain largely unexplored. We first analyzed temporal dynamics quantities DNA-A DNA-B B/A ratio squash leaf curl China (SLCCNV) plants found that while varied significantly during infection, remained constant. then changes agrobacteria inoculum may...