A5044598763- Education, Achievement, and Giftedness
- Motivation and Self-Concept in Sports
- Early Childhood Education and Development
- Career Development and Diversity
- Innovative Teaching and Learning Methods
- Educational Strategies and Epistemologies
- Higher Education Research Studies
- Creativity in Education and Neuroscience
- Grit, Self-Efficacy, and Motivation
- Youth Development and Social Support
- International Student and Expatriate Challenges
- Evaluation and Performance Assessment
- Health and Medical Research Impacts
- Science Education and Pedagogy
- Education and Critical Thinking Development
- Cultural Differences and Values
- Social and Intergroup Psychology
- Behavioral Health and Interventions
- Psychological and Educational Research Studies
- Online Learning and Analytics
- Social Media and Politics
- Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning
- Teacher Education and Leadership Studies
- Electoral Systems and Political Participation
- Psychological and Temporal Perspectives Research
University of Rochester
2024
The University of Texas at Austin
2021-2024
University of Wisconsin–Madison
2017-2020
Scholars warn that partisan divisions in the mass public threaten health of American democracy. We conducted a megastudy (
One way to encourage performance and persistence in STEM fields is have students write about the utility value (UV) or personal relevance of course topics their life. This intervention has been shown increase engagement introductory courses. However, questions remain longevity effects how best implement terms dosage timing. We tested a UV first semester two-semester biology sequence. For each three units across semester, (N = 577) were randomly assigned receive either writing assignment,...
Personal relevance goes by many names in the motivation literature, stemming from a number of theoretical frameworks. Currently these lines research are being conducted parallel with little synthesis across them, perhaps because there is no unifying definition construct within which this can be situated. In paper we propose new framework to synthesize existing on and provide common platform for researchers communicate collaborate. light review role three prominent theories literature:...
Scholars warn that partisan divisions in the mass public threaten health of American democracy. We conducted a megastudy (n = 32,059 participants) testing 25 treatments designed by academics and practitioners to reduce Americans’ animosity antidemocratic attitudes. find many reduced animosity, most strongly highlighting relatable sympathetic individuals with different political beliefs or emphasizing common identities shared rival partisans. also identify several support for undemocratic...
We tested the long-term effects of a utility-value intervention administered in gateway chemistry course, with goal promoting persistence and diversity STEM. In randomized controlled trial (N = 2,505), students wrote three essays about course content its personal relevance or control essays. The significantly improved STEM overall (74% vs. 70% were majors 2.5 y later). Effects larger for from marginalized underrepresented racial/ethnic groups, who 14 percentage points more likely to persist...
A wide range of occupations require science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) skills, yet almost half students who intend to pursue a post-secondary STEM education abandon these plans before graduating from college. This attrition is especially pronounced among underrepresented groups (i.e., racial/ethnic minorities first-generation college students). We conducted two-year follow-up utility-value intervention that had been implemented in an introductory biology course. was...
Behavioral science interventions have the potential to address longstanding policy problems, but their effects are typically heterogeneous across contexts (e.g., teachers, schools, and geographic regions). This contextual heterogeneity is poorly understood, however, which reduces field's impact its understanding of mechanisms. Here, we present an efficient way interrogate these gaps in knowledge. method a) presents scenarios that vividly represent different moderating contexts, b) measures a...
Group-based educational disparities are smaller in classrooms where teachers express a belief that students can improve their abilities. However, scalable method for motivating to adopt such growth mindset-supportive teaching practices has remained elusive. In part, this is because often already face overwhelming demands on time and attention have reason be skeptical of the professional development advice they receive from researchers other experts. We designed an intervention overcame these...
An individual's initial interest in a topic may quickly fade, or it become deeper and more enduring. One factor that support an emerging is to discover utility value (or usefulness) the topic. Instructional materials emphasize of can enhance learning motivation, but whether these foster development among individuals who show uncertain. Across two studies, we tested utility-value manipulations under conditions which expected promote interest. In Study 1, manipulated participants received...
Utility-value interventions, in which students are asked to make connections between course material and their lives, useful for improving students' academic outcomes science courses. These interventions thought be successful part because the intervention activities afford autonomy while they complete them, but no research has explored directly whether that include more support effective. In this study, degree of choice incorporated a utility-value was systematically varied order test...
This study examined whether students who left biomedical fields of during college did so primarily because they became disenchanted with those or felt attracted to alternative study. We identified 1193 intending pursue early in college, collected data about their beliefs and performance throughout interviewed them near graduation future plans. Descriptively, we the topics discussed as affecting attrition decisions. Predictive research aims were determine how academic performance, interest,...
Utility-value interventions, in which students complete writing assignments about the personal usefulness of course material, show great promise for promoting interest and performance introductory college science courses, as well persistence STEM fields. As researchers move toward scaling up this intervention, it's important to understand features are key its effectiveness. For example, prior studies have used different types utility-value (i.e., self-focused essays other-focused letters)...
Abstract Background Single‐session interventions have the potential to address young people's mental health needs at scale, but their effects are heterogeneous. We tested whether mindset + supportive context hypothesis could help explain when intervention persist or fade over time. The posits that more effective in environments support message. this using synergistic mindsets intervention, a preventative treatment for stress‐related symptoms helps students appraise stress as asset classroom...
This article forwards a vision for enhancing equity and educational outcomes by creating growth mindset cultures in schools classrooms. In classroom cultures, teachers provide coherent meaning system students' mindsets, goals, beliefs, behaviors. By normalizing infusing beliefs behaviors into routine practices interactions, these give students (and teachers) shared productive way to understand challenges, setbacks, learning inside outside the classroom, ultimately benefiting their...
STEM retention efforts need to go beyond “pipeline leaks” focus on those who remain in but change career plans.
Many college students, especially first-generation and underrepresented racial/ethnic minority desire courses careers that emphasize helping people society. Can instructors of introductory science, technology, engineering, math (STEM) promote motivation, performance, equity in STEM fields by emphasizing the prosocial relevance course material? We developed, implemented, evaluated a utility-value intervention (UVI): A assignment which students were asked to reflect on value biology or...
Abstract Socioeconomic disparities in academic progress have persisted throughout the history of United States, and growth mindset interventions—which shift beliefs about malleability intelligence—have shown promise reducing these disparities. Both study such how to remedy them can benefit from taking “long view” on adolescent development, following tradition John Schulenberg. To do so, this focuses role mindsets short‐term during transition high school as a contributor longer‐term...
First-generation college students (students for whom neither parent has a 4-year degree) face number of challenges as they attempt to obtain post-secondary degree. They are more likely come from working-class backgrounds or poverty (Reardon, 2011)and attend lower quality high schools (Warburton, Bugarin, & Nunez, 2001) while not benefiting the guidance who successfully navigated path higher education. also contend with belonging "fitting in" concerns due perceived mismatch between their own...
As intervention science develops, researchers are increasingly attending to the long-term effects of interventions in academic settings. Currently, however, there is no common taxonomy for understanding complex processes through which can produce long-lasting effects. The lack a framework results number challenges that limit ability scientists effectively work toward their goal preparing students navigate changing and uncertain world. A comprehensive presented aid how target motivational...
When do adolescents' dreams of promising journeys through high school translate into academic success? This monograph reports the results a collaborative effort among sociologists and psychologists to systematically examine role schools classrooms in disrupting or facilitating link between expectations for success math their subsequent progress early curriculum. Our primary focus was on gendered patterns socioeconomic inequality how they are tethered school's peer culture students'...
Abstract Many first‐generation college students—whose parents have not obtained a 4‐year degree—experience “cultural mismatch” due to lack of alignment between the independent values their university (consistent with culture higher education) and own interdependent working‐class culture). We documented this mismatch at ( n = 465), then tested values‐affirmation intervention in laboratory study 220) that encouraged students affirm both values. compared intervention, which had previously been...