Abstract Virtual reality (VR) displays aim to create highly immersive virtual environments based on the principle of binocular disparity, which reproduces spatial information scenes through fusion processing disparity by visual system. However, due differences between VR and real‐world scenes, challenge rendering in a manner that aligns with users' natural depth perception principles has not been fully addressed. In this paper, image distances (VIDs) RGB channels head‐mounted display (HMD)...

The rapid adoption of immersive technologies in educational contexts has heightened research interest analyzing the specific behavioral patterns learners within learning environments. However, existing on technical affordances and pedagogical potential analysis remains fragmented. This study contributes by developing a sustainable conceptual framework that amalgamates requirements, specification, evaluation, iteration into an integrated model to identify benefits hurdles A systematic review...

The mold core fabrication of a freeform surface on die steel by ultra-precision machining can make the optical elements be mass-produced plastic injection and glass pressing. However, because is typical difficult-to-cut material, technical limitations existing methods hardly meet current requirements design. In this paper, novel method, one-dimension ultrasonic-assisted slow tool servo (UASTS) turning, proposed to manufacture with high-precision large-steepness steel. Aiming at...

Precision glass molding (PGM) has become a viable processing method for large-volume aspheric optical elements. The optimization of PGM process is an obstacle to the realization mass production. current work focused on optimizing parameters gain satisfactory surface shape. But machining cycle time not optimized. When setting route in machine interface, going next step after reaching target temperature rather than usually set heating and cooling phase. Thus, complete stages production known...

Abstract Modelling is a good tool for understanding the complex interactions of agricultural systems; however, few studies have used combined method text mining and system dynamics to analyse simulate system. We propose topic modelling–system modelling (TM‐SDM) analytical framework extract, synthesise, dynamically factors land management, disaster, pollution, poverty in Specifically, 1,598 English language publications were collected main concerns conceptual structure sustainable development...

We propose a method to construct compact dual focal-plane optical see-through near-eye display using diffractive waveguides and multiple lenses. A virtual image from device is projected into three-grating waveguide an objective lens, can be shown at far distance with extended eye box. One negative lens employed reduce the focus of image, corresponding positive used compensate for distortion accommodation errors. Thus, not only near achieved, but also plane further generated by introducing...

Rotational stabilization of the resistive wall mode (RWM), with varying E × B flow shear and radial location peak shear, is systematically investigated using MARS-K code (Liu et al 2008 Phys. Plasmas 15 112503), following a non-perturbative magnetohydrodynamic–kinetic hybrid approach. The equilibrium based on 9 MA steady state target plasma from ITER design, except for profile, which significantly varied in this study. Generally two branches unstable n = 1 kinetic RWMs are computed (n...

We report a design method based on multiple-faceted refractors for free-form illumination of refractive surface. The surface is constructed as set primitive elements, which provide flexibility to satisfy the requirements practical problems. An extended light source can be considered, and smooth established by adding feedback process point source. Moreover, performance improved iterating this process. Illumination systems with an are designed analyzed, resulting in uniform illuminance...

Multifocal diffractive optical elements (MDOEs), which produce arbitrary light distribution, are widely used in lightweight and compact systems. MDOEs that combined with multiple functions tend to have complex step structures, limiting their applications. We propose a facile method named continuous variable curve multi-subperiods (CVCMS) design adjustable multifocal single-layer elements. Through the analysis, model achieved diffraction efficiency distribution an improved smooth phase...

Owing to the assembly state changes during aircraft processes, force-deformation problem occurs. To obtain structure shape in product process efficiently and accurately, a three-dimensional (3D) mapping technology for structural deformation is proposed combined with fiber Bragg grating (FBG) optical sensor binocular vision measurement system. First, this study established curvature transformation model using monitoring data, obtained 3D spatial of product, completed unification wavelength...

When the color difference between images perceived by left eye and right exceeds a certain threshold, binocular rivalry could be activated, which is main cause of visual fatigue. This threshold referred to as fusion limit. Past studies on quantitative measurement limit were always performed presenting stimulus (varying in color, disparity, size, etc.) under dark background. To investigate how background luminance contrast influence limit, series forced-choice psychophysical experiments...

In 3D reconstruction tasks, single-sensor data fusion based on deep learning is limited by the integrity and accuracy of data, which reduces reliability results. To address this issue, study proposes a multi-sensor method self-attention mechanism. A model for acquiring multi-source multi-modal constructed, with core component being convolutional neural network (CNN-SA), employs CNNs to process extracting their features. Additionally, it introduces an SA mechanism weigh sum features different...

In this paper, the theoretical model is established to predict optical surface roughness of difficult-to-cut material in ultrasonic assisted diamond turning (UADT). The effects kinematics, elastic recovery, and plastic side flow aiming at characteristics vibration cutting are considered. convincing results predicted can be obtained when main machining parameters change, such as speed, depth, tool feed rate, frequency, amplitude. Furthermore, qualitative analysis demonstrated on basis...

In complex measurement systems, scanning the shape data of solid models is time consuming, and real-time solutions are required. Therefore, we developed a 3D non-rigid transformation deduction model based on multi-control point perception data. We combined convolutional neural network (CNN), gated recurrent unit (GRU), self-attention mechanism (SA) to develop CNN-GRU-SA network, which can deduce transformations multiple control points. compared proposed several other networks, with...

In recent years, people from academia and engineering applications domain have gradually tried to introduce artificial intelligence software solve some control maintainability problems of nuclear power plants ensure the stable operation plants. The introduction intelligence(AI) can also economic further even explore possibility application in safety. However, current intelligent decision-making has defects such as unexplainable black box problem, output uncertainty imperfect accuracy, which...

Bigraded Toda hierarchy $L_1^M(n)=L_2^N(n)$ is generalized to $L_1^M(n)=L_2^{N}(n)+\sum_{j\in \mathbb Z}\sum_{i=1}^{m}q^{(i)}_n\Lambda^jr^{(i)}_{n+1}$, which the analogue of famous constrained KP $L^{k}= (L^{k})_{\geq0}+\sum_{i=1}^{m}q_{i}\partial^{-1}r_i$. It known that different bosonizations fermionic will give rise kinds integrable hierarchies. Starting from form hierarchy, bilinear equation this bigraded (GBTH) are derived by using 2--component boson--fermion correspondence. Next based...

In multi-source fusion deformation-monitoring methods that utilize fiber Bragg grating (FBG) data and other types, the lack of FBG constraint points in edge regions often results inaccuracies results, thereby impacting overall accuracy. This study proposes a calibration method develops model integrates vision data. The core this is normal distribution transform (NDT)–convolutional neural network (CNN)–self-attention (SA) network. enhances continuity between point clouds using NDT module,...

Thermal protection systems (TPSs) are important components of reusable spacecraft, and their assembly quality has a crucial impact on flight safety. Owing to the complex process variable states spacecraft thermal systems, parameters may vary under different states. Therefore, obtain accurately efficiently states, in this study, 3D point cloud data fiber optic sensor were fused develop an parameter update method for state changes. Firstly, based measured load-bearing structure, gap, flush...