The genome of Borrelia burgdorferi encodes a large number lipoproteins, many which are expressed only at certain stages the spirochete's life cycle. In current study we describe B. population structure with respect to production two lipoproteins [outer surface protein A (OspA) and outer C (OspC)] during transmission from tick vector mammalian host. Before blood meal, bacteria in were homogeneous that mainly produced OspA only. During became more heterogeneous; both OspC, whereas others...

Abstract We carried out a quantitative detection of Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus, the bacterium associated with disease huanglongbing, in vector psyllid Diaphorina citri by using TaqMan real‐time PCR assay. The concentration was monitored at 5‐day intervals for period 20 days after psyllids were exposed as fifth instar nymphs or adults to Ca . L. asiaticus‐infected plant an acquisition access 24 h. When fed on Ca. plant, did not increase significantly and pathogen transmitted any citrus...

Bacteremia due to Moraxella Catarrhalis is rare. An 85-year-old Japanese woman had productive cough, dyspnea, and fever. She type 2 diabetes mellitus chronic heart failure. Infiltration shown on chest radiography could be explained by failure or pneumonia. Initial blood culture yielded Gram-negative cocci, identified as M. catarrhalis. We therefore diagnosed cardiogenic pulmonary edema catarrhalis has a high prevalence of β- lactamase production, so treatment comprised ampicillin/sulbactam....

We analyzed the interaction between Arabidopsis and western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis), which are one of most serious insect pests cultivated plants. focused on function immunity-related plant hormones jasmonate (JA), ethylene (ET) salicylic acid (SA) in plant's response to thrip feeding. Expression marker genes for each hormone was induced by feeding wild-type (WT) Further analyses hormone-related mutants coi1-1 (JA insensitive), ein2-1 ein3-1 (ET insensitive) eds16-1 (SA...

The western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis [Pergande]) is one of the most important insect herbivores cultivated plants. However, no pesticide provides complete control this species, and insecticide resistance has emerged around world. We previously reported role jasmonate (JA) in plant's immediate response to feeding by using an Arabidopsis leaf disc system. In study, as first step toward practical use JA control, we analyzed effect JA-regulated defense at whole plant level on...

The blacklegged tick, Ixodes scapularis Say, transmits the Lyme disease spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi, whereas American dog Dermacentor variabilis (Say), is unable to transmit bacterium. We compared innate immune response of these ticks against spirochetes directly inoculated into hemocoel cavity ticks. In I. scapularis, some were found associated with hemocytes, while numerous other spiral-shaped, intact bacteria remained free in hemolymph. contrast, D. only remnants evident hemolymph,...

ABSTRACT The Capsicum spp. L genes (L(1) to L(4)) confer resistance tobamoviruses. Currently, the L(4) gene from chacoense is most effective and has been used widely in breeding programs Japan which have developed new resistant cultivars against Pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV). However, 2004, mosaic symptoms began appearing on leaves of commercial pepper plants field possessed gene. Serological biological assays identified causal strain as a previously unreported pathotype, P(1,2,3,4)....

Abstract The rhizosphere microbial community in a multiple parallel mineralization ( MPM ) system contributes to suppression of root‐borne diseases. We hypothesized this phenomenon can be attributed the interplay non‐antagonistic bacteria rather than single antagonistic microbe. In study, we tested hypothesis by investigating potential roles bacterial subset microbiota fungal phytopathogen Fusarium oxysporum . Bacterial strains isolated from were subjected vitro and planta tests on F. A...

ABSTRACT Background Blood culture is important in the diagnosis of blood infections and identification treatment strategies. Increased contamination a reduction quality care. This retrospective observational study, set an emergency department Japan, aims to elucidate rate before after introduction prevention activities. Methods We compared rates one year Specifically, these activities included novel specific use cart adherence checklist. The checklist noting actual site collection, method...

ABSTRACT The Lyme disease spirochete, Borrelia burgdorferi , causes a persistent infection in the vertebrate host even though infected animals mount an active immune response against spirochete. One strategy used by spirochete to evade immunity is vary structure and expression of outer membrane antigens. vlsE locus represents best-studied example antigenic variation B. . During infection, recombination between silent, partial copies leads gene conversion events generation novel alleles at...

The rhizosphere microbial community in a hydroponics system with multiple parallel mineralization (MPM) can potentially suppress root-borne diseases. This study focused on revealing the biological nature of suppression against Fusarium wilt disease, which is caused by fungus oxysporum, and describing factors that may influence fungal pathogen MPM system. We demonstrated microbiota developed could disease under vitro greenhouse conditions. microbiological characteristics were able to control...

Frankliniella cephalica (Crawford) is an invasive species of thrips found in the islands Yaeyama Okinawa Prefecture, Japan. During late 1990s to early 2000s, a was isolated from wild flowers Bidens pilosa L. and Ipomoea batatas growing close cultivated fields. They were subsequently identified as F. using fine morphological characteristics with help Steve Nakahara (U.S. Department Agriculture, Beltsville, MD) Laurence Mound (CSIRO, Australia). Voucher specimens deposited Laboratory Insect...

Objective This study evaluated the effectiveness of a multidisciplinary team deprescribing intervention to reduce polypharmacy and potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) in elderly orthopedic inpatients. Methods In this single-center retrospective observational study, inpatients ≥75 years old prescribed ≥6 different were enrolled as participants. Interventions comprised team-led screening suggestions regarding any unnecessary during hospital stays. The primary outcome was reduction...

The infection of melon plants by Melon necrotic spot virus (MNSV) and the development disease symptoms are a seasonal occurrence in Japan, which take place between winter early summer, but not during mid-summer. In this paper we investigate effect three different temperatures (15, 20, 25°C) on local systemic expression MNSV plants. Previously, incidence expressing caused other viruses was found to be greater at less than 20°C. study, our temperature-shift experiments support previous studies...

We present here a new method for real-time absolute-distance measurement. It is based on two-wavelength superheterodyne interferometer. performed by simultaneous measurement of its synthetic wavelength and one two wavelengths. The phase wavelengths electrically separated from the one, thus maintaining resolution one-wavelength heterodyne Two He-Ne lasers operating at 1 = 633 nm 2 612 are incorporated into measuring system, as sources, resulting in s 18.4 µm. Thus, proposed system has range...

We examined ACE inhibitory activity and the antihypertensive effect of M. citrifolia juice. The juice strongly inhibited activity. from ripe fruit is stronger than that green fruit. Furthermore single oral administration reduced systolic blood pressure male spontaneously hypertensive rats. These results indicate contains compounds, daily intake effective for prevention improvement against hypertension.

ABSTRACT If acquisition access feeding (AAF) is first given after adult eclosion, none of the nine thrips species able to serve as tospovirus vectors can become infective. The previous cellular investigations this phenomenon, carried out only in Frankliniella occidentalis, suggested that infectivity was prevented because type member tospoviruses, Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), unable enter midgut thrips. present study extends a view tospovirus-thrips interactions other than western flower...