One of the deepest branches in tree life separates Archaea from Bacteria. These prokaryotic groups have distinct cellular systems including fundamentally different phospholipid membrane bilayers. This dichotomy has been termed lipid divide and possibly bestows biophysical biochemical characteristics on each cell type. Classic experiments suggest that bacterial membranes (formed lipids extracted Escherichia coli , for example) show permeability to key metabolites comparable archaeal...

Archaeal membranes exhibit remarkable stability under extreme environmental conditions, a feature attributed to their unique lipid composition. While it is widely accepted that tetraether lipids confer structural integrity by forming monolayers, the role of bilayer-forming diether in membrane remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate incorporation diethers into archaeal-like assemblies enhances organization and adaptability thermal stress. Using neutron diffraction, show composed mixed...

Archaeal membranes exhibit remarkable stability under extreme environmental conditions, a feature attributed to their unique lipid composition. While it is widely accepted that tetraether lipids confer structural integrity by forming monolayers, the role of bilayer-forming diether in membrane remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate incorporating diethers into archaeal-like assemblies enhances organization and adaptability thermal stress. Using neutron diffraction, show composed mixed...

Bacteria and Eukarya organize their plasma membrane spatially into domains of distinct functions. Due to the uniqueness lipids, functionalization in Archaea remains a debated area. A novel ultrastructure predicts that monolayer bilayer would be laterally segregated hyperthermophilic archaeon Thermococcus barophilus. With very different physico-chemical parameters mono- bilayer, each domain type thus allow docking proteins express biological functions membrane. To estimate ubiquity this...

Microbes preserve membrane functionality under fluctuating environmental conditions by modulating their lipid composition. Although several studies have documented adaptations in Archaea, the influence of most biotic and abiotic factors on archaeal compositions remains underexplored. Here, we studied temperature, pH, salinity, presence/absence elemental sulfur, carbon source genetic background core composition hyperthermophilic neutrophilic marine archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus. Every growth...

Elucidating the lipidome of Archaea is essential to understand their tolerance extreme environmental conditions. Previous characterizations lipid composition Pyrococcus species, a model genus hyperthermophilic archaea belonging Thermococcales order, led conflicting results, which hindered comprehension membrane structure and putative adaptive role lipids. In an effort clarify data genus, we thoroughly investigated distribution both core lipids (CL) intact polar (IPL) furiosus and, for first...

Abstract Transposition mutagenesis is a powerful tool to identify the function of genes, reveal essential genes and generally unravel genetic basis living organisms. However, transposon-mediated has only been successfully applied limited number archaeal species never reported in Thermococcales . Here, we report random insertion hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus The strategy takes advantage natural transformability derivatives P. COM1 strain vitro Mariner-based transposition. A...

Abstract ArnA and ArnB serve as regulators within the archaellum regulatory network by affecting levels of components ArlB ArlX in response to nutrient cues. Together, they form either a loose or tight complex, whose transition is directed phosphorylation via kinase ArnC. For structure-based analysis this we solved cocrystal structure ArnA/ArnB complex revealing that zinc finger domain interacts with β-sandwich C-terminal ArnB. HDX data corroborate phosphorylation-dependent from ArnAB...

One of the most distinctive characteristics archaea is their unique lipids. While general nature archaeal lipids has been linked to tolerance extreme conditions, little known about diversity lipidic structures are able synthesize, which hinders elucidation physicochemical properties cell membrane. In an effort widen lipid repertoire piezophilic and hyperthermophilic model archaeon Thermococcus barophilus , we comprehensively characterized its intact polar (IPL), core (CL), head group...

Lipid membranes are essential cellular elements as they provide integrity and selective permeability under a broad range of environmental settings upon cell growth.In particular, Archaea commonly recognized for their tolerance to extreme conditions, which is now widely accepted stem from the unique structure lipids.While enhancing stability archaeal membrane, exceptional properties lipids also hinder extraction using regular procedures initially developed bacterial eukaryotic lipids.The...

Abstract Three GPN-loop GTPases, GPN1-GPN3, are central to the maturation and trafficking of eukaryotic RNA polymerase II. This GTPase family is widely represented in archaea but typically occurs as single paralogs. Structural analysis GTP- GDP-bound states Sulfolobus acidocaldarius GPN enzyme ( Sa GPN) showed that this adopts two distinct quaternary structures. In GTP-bound form γ-phosphate induces a tensed dimeric arrangement by interacting with region relaxed upon hydrolysis GDP....

ABSTRACT Three GPN-loop GTPases, GPN1–GPN3, are central to the maturation and trafficking of eukaryotic RNA polymerase II. This GTPase family is widely represented in archaea but typically occurs as single paralogs. Structural analysis GTP- GDP-bound states Sulfolobus acidocaldarius GPN enzyme ( Sa GPN) showed that this adopts two distinct quaternary structures. In GTP-bound form, γ-phosphate induces a closed dimeric arrangement by interacting with region relaxed upon hydrolysis GDP....

Summary Microbes preserve membrane functionality under fluctuating environmental conditions by modulating their lipid composition, a strategy termed homeoviscous adaptation. Although several studies have documented this in Archaea, the influence of majority biotic and abiotic factors on archaeal compositions remains unexplored. To constrain adaptation strategies we studied temperature, pH, salinity, elemental sulfur, carbon source, genetic background remarkable core composition...

Summary Sterols and hopanoids, the typical membrane regulators of Eukaryotes Bacteria, are absent from Archaea, which might instead use acyclic polyisoprenoid hydrocarbons (APH). Although a few studies evidenced that APH do modulate physicochemical properties as other regulators, little is known about these intriguing compounds in third domain life. In an effort to elucidate distribution, physiological adaptive functions, biosynthetic pathway we collected all literature data available...

ABSTRACT One of the deepest branches in tree life separates Archaea from Bacteria. These prokaryotic groups have distinct cellular systems including fundamentally different phospholipid membrane bilayers. This dichotomy has been termed lipid divide and possibly bestows biophysical biochemical characteristics on each cell type. Classic experiments suggest that bacterial membranes (formed lipids extracted Escherichia coli for example) show permeability to key metabolites comparable archaeal...

Abstract Microbes preserve membrane functionality under fluctuating environmental conditions by modulating their lipid composition. Although several studies have documented adaptations in Archaea, the influence of most biotic and abiotic factors on archaeal compositions remains underexplored. Here, we studied temperature, pH, salinity, presence/absence elemental sulfur, carbon source, genetic background core composition hyperthermophilic neutrophilic marine archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus....

Abstract One of the most distinctive characteristics Archaea is their unique lipids. While general nature archaeal lipids has been linked to tolerance extreme conditions, little known about diversity lipidic structures are able synthesize, which hinders elucidation physicochemical properties cell membrane. In an effort widen lipid repertoire piezophilic and hyperthermophilic model archaeon Thermococcus barophilus , we comprehensively characterized its intact polar (IPL), core (CL), head...