The capacity for fast-growth recovery after de-submergence is important establishment of riparian species in a water-level-fluctuation zone. Recovery patterns two wetland plants, Alternanthera philoxeroides and Hemarthria altissima, showing 'escape' 'quiescence' responses, respectively, during submergence were investigated. Leaf root growth photosynthesis monitored continuously 10 d following 20 complete submergence. Above- below-ground dry weights, as well carbohydrate concentrations,...

Acclimation to fluctuating light environment with short (lasting 20 s, at 650 or 1,250 μmol photons m(-2) s(-1), every 6 12 min) long (for 40 min once a day midday) sunflecks was studied in Arabidopsis thaliana. The sunfleck treatments were applied the background daytime intensity of 50 s(-1). In order distinguish effects from those increased daily irradiance, constant 85 and 120 which gave same photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) per as different treatments, also included experiments....

AimsSoil heterogeneity is common in natural habitats. It may trigger foraging responses (placing more ramets and/or roots nutrient-rich patches than nutrient-poor patches) and further affect the growth of plants. However, impact soil on competitive interactions has been little tested.

Plant invasion is one of the major threats to natural ecosystems. Phenotypic plasticity considered be important for promoting plant invasiveness. High tolerance stress can also increase survival invasive plants in adverse habitats. Limited growth and conservation carbohydrate are flooding plants. However, few studies have examined whether species shows a higher phenotypic response waterlogging or (lower plasticity) than native species. We conducted greenhouse experiment compare morphological...

Abstract Background Unvegetated tidal flats of mangrove ecosystems in estuarine and non-estuarine areas play a crucial role the coastal blue carbon sinks biogeochemical cycle. However, there is still lack comprehensive understanding differences soil organic (SOC) contents between areas, as well their influencing factors. Methods In this study, samples were collected from Leizhou Peninsula. We compared SOC physicochemical properties flats. The Random Forest algorithm was employed to identify...

Concomitant increases in O2 and irradiance upon de-submergence can cause photoinhibition photo-oxidative damage to the photosynthetic apparatus of plants. As energy carbohydrate supply from photosynthesis is needed for growth, it was hypothesized that post-submergence growth recovery may require efficient acclimation increased minimize damage. The hypothesis tested two flood-tolerant species: a C3 herb, Alternanthera philoxeroides; C4 grass, Hemarthria altissima. impact low light, typical...

Submergence and de-submergence are common phenomena encountered by riparian plants due to water level fluctuations, but little is known about the role of physiological integration in clonal (resource sharing between interconnected ramets) their adaptation such events. Using Alternanthera philoxeroides (alligator weed) as an example, this study tested hypotheses that will improve growth photosynthetic capacity submerged ramets during submergence promote recovery following de-submergence....

The diversity–productivity relationship is one of the most critical questions in ecology and can be altered by environmental factors. Hydrological fluctuation affects growth wetland plants, such effects vary with plant species. Therefore, we hypothesized that hydrological changes species richness on productivity communities. We constructed communities consisting three or six subjected them to (i.e. gradually changing water level) two frequencies ranges, unchanged level as control. measured...

Spatial heterogeneity in two co-variable resources such as light and water availability is common can affect the growth of clonal plants. Several studies have tested effects spatial supply a single resource on competitive interactions plants, but none has examined those heterogeneous distribution resources. In greenhouse experiment, we grew one (without intraspecific competition) or nine isolated ramets (with rhizomatous herb Iris japonica under homogeneous environment four environments...

The dynamics of composition and properties dissolved organic matter in soil depend on plant carbon inputs microbial degradation. However, uncertainties remain regarding the relative contributions different sources, i.e., from litter decomposition versus rhizodeposits, to matter, which may limit understanding dynamics. In this study, effects either rhizodeposition or (leaf, stem, rhizome, root litter) optical were estimated. Rhizodeposition P. australis had significant its variation was...

Submerged macrophytes are subjected to potential mechanical stresses associated with fluctuating water levels in natural conditions. However, few experimental studies have been conducted further understand the effects of level amplitude on submerged macrophyte species and their assemblages or communities. We designed a controlled experiment investigate responses three (Hydrilla verticillata, Ceratophyllum demersum Elodea nuttallii) combinations communities amplitudes (static, ± 30 cm, 60 cm)...

Highly biodiversity communities have been shown to better resist plant invasions through complementarity effects. Species richness (SR) is a widely used metric but lacks explanatory power when there are only few species. Communities with low SR can wide variety of phylogenetic diversities (PD), which might allow for prediction invasibility. We assessed the effect diversity reduction wetland community assemblage typical Beijing area on biotic resistance invasion exotic weed Alternanthera...

Abstract Nitrogen is often released in pulses with different frequencies, and N supply may affect growth, reproduction, biomass allocation of plants. However, few studies have examined how intraspecific competition clonal plants whether such an effect depends on the amount. We grew one (no competition) or 12 ramets (with both invasive plant Alternanthera philoxeroide s its native congener sessilis five treatments: control addition), low/high amount frequencies (pulses). addition...

Abstract Spatial patchiness and temporal variability in water availability are common nature under global climate change, which can remarkably influence adaptive responses of clonal plants, i.e. integration (translocating resources between connected ramets). However, little is known about the effects spatial heterogeneity on growth congeneric invasive native Hydrocotyle species. In a greenhouse experiment, we subjected severed or no (intact) fragments vulgaris , highly species China, its...

Fluctuation range and frequency are two important components of water level fluctuation, but their effects on wetland plants have not been evaluated separately. We subjected eight species to a control treatment with static fluctuation treatments different ranges or frequencies examine plant growth. Acorus calamus, Butomus umbellatus Iris wilsonii showed high survival rates in all various frequencies. Their were higher at the medium than low frequencies, suggesting beneficial frequency. In...

Biological invasions have become a worldwide problem, and measures to efficiently prevent control are still in development. Like many other parts of the world, China is undergoing dramatic increase plant invasions. Most currently 933 established (i.e., naturalized) species, which 214 categorized as invasive, been introduced into for cultivation. It likely that those species being traded, particularly online, by nurseries. However, studies assessing whether naturalized invasive traded more or...

Cadmium (Cd) is a hazardous environmental pollutant with high toxicity to plants, which has been detected in many wetlands. Clonal integration (resource translocation) between connected ramets of clonal plants can increase their tolerance stress. We hypothesised that facilitates spread amphibious from terrestrial Cd-contaminated aquatic habitats. The an grass Paspalum paspaloides was simulated by growing basal older uncontaminated soil (allowing integration) or not (preventing apical younger...

Abstract Question Plant trait mean values and responsiveness to different environmental regimes are both important determinants of plant field distribution, but the degree which means vs predict distribution has rarely been compared quantitatively. Because hydrological regime is a key determinant wetland we hypothesized that experimental submergence could adaptation wet or dry part gradients in wetlands. Location Beijing, China. Methods We measured for 14 traits by growing 30 species on land...

Clonal integration, i.e. resource sharing between interconnected ramets, can help clonal plants tolerate abiotic stress. However, few studies have directly examined the ecological significance of integration in ability to biotic stress such as herbivory. We grew fragments an invasive plant Alternanthera philoxeroides, each consisting apical part (relatively young) and a basal old), at two levels (low high) soil nitrogen (N). For fragment, was subjected either no herbivory or for 2 weeks by...