A5058826320- Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics
- Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols
- Atmospheric Ozone and Climate
- Vehicle emissions and performance
- Spectroscopy and Laser Applications
- Air Quality and Health Impacts
- Air Quality Monitoring and Forecasting
- Mass Spectrometry Techniques and Applications
- Advanced Chemical Sensor Technologies
- Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics
- Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations
- Methane Hydrates and Related Phenomena
- Calibration and Measurement Techniques
- Scientific Measurement and Uncertainty Evaluation
- Geochemistry and Geologic Mapping
- Near-Field Optical Microscopy
- Carbon Dioxide Capture Technologies
- Climate Change Policy and Economics
- Laser-Matter Interactions and Applications
- Aquatic Ecosystems and Biodiversity
- Advanced Fluorescence Microscopy Techniques
- Hydrocarbon exploration and reservoir analysis
- Catalytic Processes in Materials Science
- Marine and coastal ecosystems
- Astro and Planetary Science
Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology
2015-2024
Max Planck Society
2002-2012
Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry
2002-2012
Max Planck Institute for Chemistry
2002-2012
Paul Scherrer Institute
2007
University of Bristol
2007
Met Office
2007
Scripps Institution of Oceanography
2002-2003
University of California, San Diego
2001-2003
Phillips University
2003
Abstract. Anthropogenic increases in atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations are the main driver of current and future climate change. The integrated assessment community has quantified anthropogenic emissions for shared socio-economic pathway (SSP) scenarios, each which represents a different projection political environment. Here, we provide these SSP scenarios – using reduced-complexity climate–carbon-cycle model MAGICC7.0. We extend historical, observationally based concentration data...
Abstract. Atmospheric greenhouse gas (GHG) concentrations are at unprecedented, record-high levels compared to the last 800 000 years. Those elevated GHG warm planet and – partially offset by net cooling effects aerosols largely responsible for observed warming over past 150 An accurate representation of is hence important understand model recent climate change. So far, community efforts create composite datasets with seasonal latitudinal information have focused on marine boundary layer...
Abstract. We present the organization, instrumentation, datasets, data interpretation, modeling, and accomplishments of multinational global atmospheric measurement program AGAGE (Advanced Global Atmospheric Gases Experiment). is distinguished by its capability to measure globally, at high frequency, multiple sites all important species in Montreal Protocol non-carbon-dioxide (non-CO2) gases assessed Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (CO2 also measured several sites). The scientific...
We have measured the momentum distributions of singly and doubly charged helium ions created in focus 220 fs, 800 nm laser pulses at intensities (2.9-6.6)x10(14) W/cm(2). All are emitted strongly aligned along direction polarization light. find typical momenta He2+ to be 5-10 times larger than those He1+ a two peak structure highest intensity.
Abstract. A new analytical inversion method has been developed to determine the regional and global emissions of long-lived atmospheric trace gases. It exploits in situ measurement data from three networks builds on backward simulations with a Lagrangian particle dispersion model. The emission information is extracted observed concentration increases over baseline that itself objectively determined by algorithm. was applied two hydrofluorocarbons (HFC-134a, HFC-152a) hydrochlorofluorocarbon...
Ground‐based in situ measurements of 1,1‐difluoroethane (HFC‐152a, CH 3 CHF 2 ) which is regulated under the Kyoto Protocol are reported auspices AGAGE (Advanced Global Atmospheric Gases Experiment) and SOGE (System Observation halogenated Greenhouse gases Europe) programs. Observations HFC‐152a at five locations (four European one Australian) over a 10 year period were recorded. The annual average growth rate midlatitude Northern Hemisphere has risen from 0.11 ppt/yr to 0.6 1994 2004....
Aerial photogrammetry is an established tool for area-wide mapping and monitoring of permafrost geometry, thickness changes surface creep. This study applies commercial software the automatic generation elevation models from digital imagery presents a newly developed measurement displacements repeated orthophotos. The accuracy quality automatically-derived geometry velocity data are compared to conventionally-derived Muragl rock glacier in Swiss Alps. analysis reveals that velocities...
Abstract. We present atmospheric sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) mole fractions and emissions estimates from the 1970s to 2008. Measurements were made of archived air samples starting 1973 in Northern Hemisphere 1978 Southern Hemisphere, using Advanced Global Atmospheric Gases Experiment (AGAGE) gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric (GC-MS) systems. These measurements combined with modern high-frequency GC-MS GC-electron capture detection (ECD) data AGAGE monitoring sites, produce a unique...
Abstract. The identification of atmospheric trace species measurements that are representative well-mixed background air masses is required for monitoring composition change at sites. We present a statistical method based on robust local regression well suited the selection and estimation associated baseline curves. bootstrap technique applied to calculate uncertainty in resulting curve. non-parametric nature proposed approach makes it very flexible data filtering method. Application carbon...
Abstract Modern halogenated inhalation anesthetics undergo little metabolization during clinical application and evaporate almost completely to the atmosphere. Based on their first measurements in a range of environments, from urban areas pristine Antarctic environment, we detect rapid accumulation ubiquitous presence isoflurane, desflurane, sevoflurane global Over past decade, abundances atmosphere have increased mean mole fractions 2014 0.097ppt, 0.30ppt, 0.13ppt (parts per trillion, 10...
Abstract. The emissions of three hydrochlorofluorocarbons, HCFC-22 (CHClF2), HCFC-141b (CH3CCl2F) and HCFC-142b (CH3CClF2) hydrofluorocarbons, HFC-23 (CHF3), HFC-134a (CH2FCF3) HFC-152a (CH3CHF2) from four East Asian countries the Taiwan region for year 2008 are determined by inverse modeling. modeling is based on in-situ measurements these halocarbons at Japanese stations Cape Ochi-ishi Hateruma, Chinese station Shangdianzi South Korean Gosan. For every 3 h, 20-day backward calculations...
Abstract. We report a 40-year history of SF6 atmospheric mole fractions measured at the Advanced Global Atmospheric Gases Experiment (AGAGE) monitoring sites, combined with archived air samples, to determine emission estimates from 1978 2018. Previously we reported global rate 7.3±0.6 Gg yr−1 in 2008 and over past decade emissions have continued increase by about 24 % 9.04±0.35 show that changing patterns consumption developed (Kyoto Protocol Annex-1) developing countries (non-Annex-1) rapid...
Significance Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) are among the atmosphere’s fastest growing, and most potent, greenhouse gases. Proposals have been made to phase down their use over coming decades. Such initiatives may largely be informed by existing emissions inventories, which, we show, subject of significant uncertainty. In this work, atmospheric models measurements examine accuracy these inventories for five major HFCs. We show that, when aggregated together, reported HFCs from developed countries...
Very short-lived substances (VSLS), including dichloromethane (CH2Cl2), chloroform (CHCl3), perchloroethylene (C2Cl4), and 1,2-dichloroethane (C2H4Cl2), are a stratospheric chlorine source therefore contribute to ozone depletion. We quantify trends from these VSLS (VSLCltot) using chemical transport model atmospheric measurements, novel high-altitude aircraft data the NASA VIRGAS (2015) POSIDON (2016) missions. estimate VSLCltot increased 69 (±14) parts per trillion (ppt) Cl in 2000 111...
Abstract. The hydroxyl radical (OH) largely determines the atmosphere's oxidative capacity and, thus, lifetimes of numerous trace gases, including methane (CH4). Hitherto, observation-based approaches for estimating atmospheric have primarily relied on using methyl chloroform (MCF), but as abundance MCF has declined, uncertainties associated with this method increased. In study, we examine use five hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) (HFC-134a, HFC-152a, HFC-365mfc, HFC-245fa, and HFC-32) in...
We use historic water temperature measurements to define a deep-water warming trend in Lake Malawi, East Africa. Over the past six decades, of deep below 300 m has increased by ~0.7°C. The is due mainly reduction cold-water convection over this period, which associated with milder winters region. Despite warming, density stratification was maintained at depths 100 m. observed interrupted least twice abyssal cooling events that were wettest years on record. propose rainfall and cool river...
National emission inventories of ozone‐depleting substances (ODS) play a key role in the control mechanisms Montreal Protocol's reduction plans. New quasi‐continuous ground‐based atmospheric measurements allow us to estimate China's current emissions most effective ODS. This serves as an independent validation ODS consumption data reported United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). Emissions first‐generation have declined recent years, suggesting compliance with regulations advanced...
Abstract. Despite the importance of carbon monoxide (CO) for overall oxidative capacity atmosphere, there is still considerable uncertainty in ambient measurements CO. To address this issue, an inter-comparison between four different measurement techniques was made over a period two months at high-alpine site Jungfraujoch (JFJ), Switzerland. The were Non-dispersive Infrared Absorption (NDIR), Vacuum UV Resonance Fluorescence (VURF), gas chromatographic separation with mercuric oxide...
Abstract. Measurements of CO2, CO, N2O and CH4 mole fractions, O2 / N2 ratios the stable isotopes 13C 18O in CO2 CO have been performed air samples from Islisberg highway tunnel (Switzerland). The molar : ratios, with an average (4.15 ± 0.34) ppb:ppm, are lower than reported previous studies, pointing to a reduction emissions traffic. reflects isotopic composition fuel. is slightly depleted compared atmospheric O2, shows significant variability. In contrast, δ13C values show that...