A survey to determine the prevalence of rheumatic heart disease (R.H.D.) in Black children was conducted creeches and primary schools South Western Townships Johannesburg (Soweto). total 12 050 were examined by 10 cardiologists May October 1972. The overal rate R.H.D. 6.9 per 1000, with a peak 19.2 1000 seventh school grade. maximal age incidence 15-18 years there female preponderance 1 6:1. rise occurred increasing family size. Most (92%) asymptomatic, 82.5% diagnosed for first time during...

The persistence of food insecurity, malnutrition, increasing adiposity, and decreasing physical activity, heightens the need to understand relationships between body image satisfaction, eating attitudes, BMI activity levels in South Africa. Females aged 18-23 years were recruited from rural (n = 509) urban 510) settings. Body satisfaction was measured using Stunkard's silhouettes, 26-item Eating Attitudes questionnaire (EAT-26) used evaluate participants' risk disordered eating. Minutes per...

Background: Nurturing care of young children is aimed at promoting lifelong, intergenerational health and well‐being, as well social economic benefits. This study qualitatively exploring maternal perceptions related to nurturing care, their access information support for caregiving, the home community environments practices, how caregivers promote infants’ well‐being in Soweto, South Africa. Methods: The employed a sequential, two‐stage process. First, three focus group discussions were...

Owing to nutritional transition in Cameroon, one two adults is overweight and five obese, 8·1% of children are 2·1% obese. Given this phenomenon, dietary intake assessment needed establish appropriate preventive nutrition-sensitive strategies. Our aim was develop test the validity food portion photograph books (FPPB) be used as visual aids for taking part a 24-h recall. To design FPPB, interviews focus group discussions were undertaken with women obtain consensus on local categorisation...

Upon its mucosal transmission, HIV type 1 (HIV-1) rapidly targets genital antigen-presenting Langerhans cells (LCs), which subsequently transfer infectious virus to CD4+ T cells. We previously described an inhibitory neuroimmune cross talk, whereby calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), a neuropeptide secreted by peripheral pain-sensing nociceptor neurons innervating all epithelia and associating with LCs, strongly inhibits HIV-1 transfer. As nociceptors secret CGRP following the activation...

Women today are experiencing menopause for decades more than in previous generations. This 'change of life' is defined by an entire stage physical, hormonal, and emotional changes that accompany menstrual irregularity the cessation fertility, although limited medical research has focused on it. Yet, inevitability universal all human females around 50 years old. In this article, we conducted twenty-five 20-60 min semi-structured qualitative interviews. Most women marked fertility social...

This study aimed to qualitatively investigate young women's preferences for preconception intervention strategies promote physical and mental health in a rapidly transitioning, urban setting. Four semi-structured focus group discussions were conducted with women (n = 29, 18-24 years old) from Soweto, South Africa. Qualitative data thematically analysed. Two main themes identified: 1) challenges needs of beneficiaries; 2) (content delivery). The participants mentioned could be classified as...

The objectives of this study were to assess the prevalence obesity in Dakar and Tessekere, a rural municipality northern Senegal, compare ideal body size between these populations.A cross-sectional survey was carried out 2015 on representative sample 1 000 adults, aged 20 years older Dakar, 500 adults same age Tessekere.The overweight higher than Tessekere. However, rates young women living area close those Dakar. At mass index 27.5 kg/m2, less 40% men Tessekere found themselves too fat,...

Background The social valorisation of overweight in African populations could promote high-risk eating behaviours and therefore become a risk factor obesity. However, existing scales to assess body image are usually not accurate enough allow comparative studies weight perception different populations. This study aimed develop validate the Body Size Scale (BSS) estimate perception. Methods Anthropometric measures 80 Cameroonians 81 Senegalese were used evaluate three criteria adiposity: mass...

Abstract Senegal is experiencing a rising obesity epidemic, due to the nutrition transition occurring in most African countries, and driven by sedentary behaviour high-calorie dietary intake. In addition, anthropological local drivers of social valorization processed food large body sizes could expose population risk. This study aimed determine impact these biocultural factors on nutritional status Senegalese adults. A mixed methods approach was used, including qualitative quantitative...

Abstract Objective: In the past decade, South Africa’s obesity epidemic has increased in both children and adults, being overweight is becoming norm. Several contributing factors lead to normalisation of obesity. One these culturally entrenched likeness larger body sizes or shapes within a milieu easily accessible unhealthy food beverages. This qualitative study advances knowledge about influence socio-cultural norms obesogenic environments on weight under estimation ‘obesity normalisation’...

Native of rural West Cameroon, the Bamiléké population is traditionally predisposed to obesity. who migrated urban areas additionally experience nutrition transition. We investigated biocultural determinants obesity in Cameroon (Yaoundé), or France (Paris). conducted qualitative interviews (n = 36; 18 men) and a quantitative survey 627; 266 adults using two-stage sampling strategy, determine association dietary intake, physical activity body weight norms with populations these three...

Background Breast feeding initiation rates remain below 80% in some Western countries. Many individual-level determinants are known; however, less is known regarding cultural and societal determinants, such as religion, that could explain population-level variations. We examined the correlations of proportions Catholics Protestants with breast across within Methods Using publicly available data, we carried out an ecological study comparing initiation. correlated data at country level,...

Abstract Objective: To obtain a community perspective on key nutrition-specific problems and solutions for mothers children. Design: A qualitative study comprising nine focus group discussions (FGD) following semi-structured interview guide. Setting: The township of Soweto in South Africa with rising prevalence double burden malnutrition. Participants: Men women aged ≥18 years ( n 66). Three FGD held men, six women. Results: Despite participants perceived healthy diet to be important, they...

Abstract Background In order for infants and toddlers to meet recommended movement guidelines, their caregivers need encourage play daily. This study used a qualitative approach understand how mothers perceive promote physical activity during the first 2 years of life. Methods Mothers with children between 0 24 months were recruited from SAMRC/Wits Developmental Pathways Health Research Unit in Soweto, South Africa. 19 agreed participate grouped into three focus group discussions (FGDs) by...

Abstract Objective: To (i) describe the infant feeding practices of South African women living in Soweto and (ii) understand from mothers’ perspective what influences practices. Design: Semi-structured focus group discussions (FGD) in-depth interviews (IDI) were conducted, data analysed using thematic analysis. Setting: Soweto, Africa. Participants: Nineteen mothers stratified into three FGD according to their baby’s age as follows: 0–6-month-olds, 7–14-month-olds 15–24-month-olds. Four each...

South Africa is an upper-middle income country with high levels of inequality. Young urban black women living in historically disadvantaged suburbs are particularly vulnerable to these socioeconomic inequalities. We conducted a qualitative study (four focus group discussions young nulliparous and 13 dual semistructured interviews between their mother) better understand the household environment context Soweto (a poor predominantly township) how this impacts emotional well-being. Several...

Abstract Background Religion has rarely been studied as a determinant of infant feeding practices. We examined whether religious affiliation is associated with formula vs breastfeeding intention and practice in women from the United States Project Viva cohort. Methods Between 1999 2002, 2128 pregnant were recruited area Boston, Massachusetts. They reported by questionnaire their affiliation, intended practiced mode (exclusive partial exclusive breastfeeding) at different time points....

Knowing the evolution of skin’s response to mechanical solicitations and understanding its origin is important in medicine, surgery, cosmetics. Studies performed vitro ex vivo show that links exist between topographic skin properties collagen elastin fibers network dermis. But, our knowledge, no study shows this link. In we propose a combination experimental tests demonstrate link dermis vivo. The first method consists analyzing relief images. second uses recently developed imaging technique...