The incidence of obesity in the United States and other developed countries is epidemic. Because prevalence comorbidities to obesity, such as type 2 diabetes, has also increased, it clear there a great need monitor treat its comorbidities. Body composition assessments vary precision target tissue interest. most common are anthropometric include weight, stature, abdominal circumference, skinfold measurements. More complex methods bioelectrical impedance, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, body...

Background: Anterior vertebral body tethering (VBT) is an early treatment option for progressive scoliosis in pediatric patients, allowing continued deformity correction during normal growth. We report postoperative radiographic and clinical outcomes patients treated with VBT. Methods: This retrospective review of 31 consecutive included analysis preoperative, perioperative, details, including the Lenke classification; Cobb angle measurements proximal thoracic, main lumbar curves; sagittal...

Humans are one of the few species undergoing an adolescent growth spurt. Because children enter spurt at different ages making age a poor maturity measure, longitudinal studies necessary to identify patterns and commonalities in growth. The standard determinant, peak height velocity (PHV) timing, is difficult estimate individuals due diurnal, postural, measurement variation. Using prospective populations healthy from two North American populations, we compared timing spurt's normalized...

Abstract Despite significant progress in understanding the mechanisms by which prenatal/maternal environment can alter development and adult health, genetic influences on normal variation growth are little understood. This work examines nongenetic contributions to body weight change during infancy relationships between composition. The dataset included 501 white infants 164 nuclear extended families Fels Longitudinal Study, each with 10 serial measures of from birth age 3 years 232...

Background Skeletal maturity assessment provides information on a child's physical development and expectations based chronological age. Given recently recognized trends for earlier in variety of systems, most notably puberty, examination sex-specific secular skeletal maturation is important. For the orthopaedist, recent changes developmental timing can affect clinical management (eg, treatment timing) if they are currently outdated sources. Questions/purposes (1) Has male or female...

Epiphyseal fusion (EF) marks the completion of longitudinal bone growth, a critical milestone monitored during treatment skeletal growth and/or developmental disorders. Recently, trend toward accelerated maturation in children has been documented. Because current methods for assessing include their reference populations born as early 1930s, timing EF events contemporary patients may differ substantially from those standards.

•Understanding vertical facial divergence is critical to treatment optimization.•Growth in 3 types quantified with geometric morphometrics.•Normodivergent and hypodivergent growth are distinct from hyperdivergent growth.•Anteroposterior maxillomandibular restricted patients.•Hyperdivergent patterns indicate a greater risk for Class II malocclusion. IntroductionExtreme of great importance clinicians because their association dental malocclusion functional problems the orofacial complex....

The ability to estimate skeletal maturity using a knee radiograph would be useful in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries and limb-length discrepancy immature patients. Currently, quick, accurate, reproducible method is lacking.Serial radiographs made 3 years before 2 following the chronologic age associated with 90% of final height (an enhanced gold standard compared peak velocity) were analyzed 78 children. Pyle Hoerr (PH) was simplified by developing discrete stages for distal part...

Purpose Physical activity and exercise are critical for older adults’ physical mental health. The purpose of this qualitative study was to richly capture the motivators barriers engaging in previously inactive adults who participated a three-arm randomized controlled trial (RCT) eight-week group interventions.Methods We conducted content analysis individual interviews with fifteen participants—five from each arm: strength training, walking, control. Participants included nine females six...

The polygenic risk score genetic quantitative ultrasound speed of sound (gSOS) was developed using machine learning algorithms in adults European ancestry and associates with reduced odds fracture adults. We aimed to determine if gSOS associated bone health children. Two observational studies children were evaluated: (1) enrolled the Bone Mineral Density Childhood Study (BMDCS) data (N=1,727); (2) for research at Childrens Hospital Philadelphia (CHOP; N=10,301). Genetic variants used...

Abstract Objectives: This article illustrates the use of applied Bayesian statistical methods in modeling trajectory adult grip strength and evaluating potential risk factors that may influence trajectory. Methods: The data consist from 1 to 11 repeated measurements each 498 men 533 women age 18–96 years Fels Longitudinal Study (Roche AF. 1992. Growth, maturation body composition: longitudinal study 1929–1991. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press). In this analysis, framework was...

Quantifying normal variation and the genetic underpinnings of anatomical structures is one main goals modern morphological studies. However, extent contributions to in craniofacial morphology humans still unclear. The current study addresses this gap by investigating morphology. sample under investigation consists 75 linear angular measurements spanning entire complex, recorded from lateral cephalographs 1,379 participants Fels Longitudinal Study. Heritabilities for each trait were estimated...

Growth, development, and decline of the human skeleton are central importance to physical anthropology. All processes skeletal growth (longitudinal as well gains losses bone mass) subjected environmental genetic influences. These influences, their relative contributions phenotype, can be asserted at any stage life. We present here gross phenotypic landscapes four traits, show how they vary across life span. Phenotypic sex differences found in diameter cortical index (a ratio thickness over...

Older adults are challenged with aging-related declines in skeletal muscle mass and function. Although exercise interventions of longer duration typically yield larger changes, shorter-term may kick-start positive effects, allowing participants to begin engaging more activity. This study aimed determine whether 8 weeks a resistance training program (Stay Strong, Stay Healthy [SSSH]) improved dynamic strength, balance, flexibility, sleep. Inactive aged ≥60 years were randomized into SSSH ( n...

Bariatric surgery is an effective method for acute weight loss. While the impact of bariatric on general medical conditions (e.g., type 2 diabetes) well documented, few studies focus physical functional outcomes following weight-loss induced by surgery.We report 50 women aged 20-74 scheduled Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) procedure who were enrolled a prospective 1-year study. Height, weight, and waist circumference recorded preoperatively at 6 12 months, postoperatively. To track...

Abstract Measures of maturity provide windows into the timing and tempo childhood growth maturation. Delayed maturation in a single child, or systemically population, can result from either genetic environmental factors. In terms skeleton, delayed may short stature indicate another underlying issue. Thus, prediction maturational spurt is often desirable order to determine likelihood that child will catch up their chronological age peers. Serial data Fels Longitudinal Study were used predict...

Abstract Numerous studies have detected significant contributions of genes to variation in development, size, and shape craniofacial traits a number vertebrate taxa. This study examines 43 quantitative derived from lateral cephalographs 830 baboons (Papio hamadryas) the pedigreed population housed at Southwest National Primate Research Center. Quantitative genetic analyses were conducted using SOLAR analytic platform, maximum-likelihood variance components method that incorporates all...

Background: Evaluation of skeletal maturity provides clinicians and researchers a window into the developmental progress skeleton. The FELS method for assessment point estimate standard error based on 98 indicators.Aim: This paper outlines statistical methodology used by original evaluates improvements that address following: serial correlation in calibration sample is now considered, Bayesian estimation employed to improve near ages 0 18 years uncertainty due sampling accounted when...

Background Estimates pertaining to the timing of adolescent growth spurt (e.g. peak height velocity; PHV), including age at velocity (aPHV), play a critical role in diagnosis, treatment, and management skeletal and/or developmental disorders. Yet, distinct statistical methodologies often result large estimate discrepancies.Aim The aim present study was assess advantages disadvantages three modelling for as well determine how estimates derived from these may differ, particularly those that be...