The incidence of obesity in the United States and other developed countries is epidemic. Because prevalence comorbidities to obesity, such as type 2 diabetes, has also increased, it clear there a great need monitor treat its comorbidities. Body composition assessments vary precision target tissue interest. most common are anthropometric include weight, stature, abdominal circumference, skinfold measurements. More complex methods bioelectrical impedance, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, body...

Abstract Despite significant progress in understanding the mechanisms by which prenatal/maternal environment can alter development and adult health, genetic influences on normal variation growth are little understood. This work examines nongenetic contributions to body weight change during infancy relationships between composition. The dataset included 501 white infants 164 nuclear extended families Fels Longitudinal Study, each with 10 serial measures of from birth age 3 years 232...

•Understanding vertical facial divergence is critical to treatment optimization.•Growth in 3 types quantified with geometric morphometrics.•Normodivergent and hypodivergent growth are distinct from hyperdivergent growth.•Anteroposterior maxillomandibular restricted patients.•Hyperdivergent patterns indicate a greater risk for Class II malocclusion. IntroductionExtreme of great importance clinicians because their association dental malocclusion functional problems the orofacial complex....

Accurate identification of fetal age is important in a wide variety circumstances. Seventeen anthropometric and radiographic measurements were taken on fetuses between 15 42 weeks gestational age, both with without pathologic conditions. A full evaluation including radiographic, karyotypic, gross anatomic, histologic examination the fetus placenta identified 72 individuals as nondysmorphic no signs chronic uterovascular insufficiency. These specimens served control group. Based least-squares...

ABSTRACT There is considerable individual variation in the timing, duration, and intensity of growth that occurs craniofacial complex during childhood adolescence. The purpose this article to describe extent between traits individuals within Fels Longitudinal Study (FLS). Polynomial multilevel models were used estimate ages onset, peak velocity, cessation adolescent growth, time these ages, amount velocity. This was done at both group levels for standard cephalometric measurements lengths...

Background Skeletal maturity assessment provides information on a child's physical development and expectations based chronological age. Given recently recognized trends for earlier in variety of systems, most notably puberty, examination sex-specific secular skeletal maturation is important. For the orthopaedist, recent changes developmental timing can affect clinical management (eg, treatment timing) if they are currently outdated sources. Questions/purposes (1) Has male or female...

Epiphyseal fusion (EF) marks the completion of longitudinal bone growth, a critical milestone monitored during treatment skeletal growth and/or developmental disorders. Recently, trend toward accelerated maturation in children has been documented. Because current methods for assessing include their reference populations born as early 1930s, timing EF events contemporary patients may differ substantially from those standards.

Abstract Objectives: This article illustrates the use of applied Bayesian statistical methods in modeling trajectory adult grip strength and evaluating potential risk factors that may influence trajectory. Methods: The data consist from 1 to 11 repeated measurements each 498 men 533 women age 18–96 years Fels Longitudinal Study (Roche AF. 1992. Growth, maturation body composition: longitudinal study 1929–1991. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press). In this analysis, framework was...

Quantifying normal variation and the genetic underpinnings of anatomical structures is one main goals modern morphological studies. However, extent contributions to in craniofacial morphology humans still unclear. The current study addresses this gap by investigating morphology. sample under investigation consists 75 linear angular measurements spanning entire complex, recorded from lateral cephalographs 1,379 participants Fels Longitudinal Study. Heritabilities for each trait were estimated...

• A new technique of minilaparoscopy has been developed for use in patients with blunt abdominal trauma. Fifteen injured underwent laparoscopy using this method. Six had normal findings, seven evidence minor injury, and two what seemed to be major injuries. The findings or injuries were treated nonoperatively all did well. remaining laparotomy where serious found repaired accordingly. With modified instrumentation, emergency is simple rapid enough become a practical tool the management...

This paper considers the practical evaluation of exposure workers to benzene vapour. It is principally concerned with relating results obtained from modern sampling techniques current criteria for assessing hazard. The three aspects considered are: air man breathes while at work; measuring in breath he exhales after and determining increase phenol content his urine. relationship these measurements discussed need develop a mathematical model describing retention critical organs body, its...

Growth, development, and decline of the human skeleton are central importance to physical anthropology. All processes skeletal growth (longitudinal as well gains losses bone mass) subjected environmental genetic influences. These influences, their relative contributions phenotype, can be asserted at any stage life. We present here gross phenotypic landscapes four traits, show how they vary across life span. Phenotypic sex differences found in diameter cortical index (a ratio thickness over...

Bariatric surgery is an effective method for acute weight loss. While the impact of bariatric on general medical conditions (e.g., type 2 diabetes) well documented, few studies focus physical functional outcomes following weight-loss induced by surgery.We report 50 women aged 20-74 scheduled Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) procedure who were enrolled a prospective 1-year study. Height, weight, and waist circumference recorded preoperatively at 6 12 months, postoperatively. To track...

Abstract Measures of maturity provide windows into the timing and tempo childhood growth maturation. Delayed maturation in a single child, or systemically population, can result from either genetic environmental factors. In terms skeleton, delayed may short stature indicate another underlying issue. Thus, prediction maturational spurt is often desirable order to determine likelihood that child will catch up their chronological age peers. Serial data Fels Longitudinal Study were used predict...

SUMMARY The delayed spontaneous leakage of inflatable breast prostheses in six cases is reported. mechanism wrinkling the silicone bag, with development a subsequent fold flaw leak, demonstrated.

Abstract Numerous studies have detected significant contributions of genes to variation in development, size, and shape craniofacial traits a number vertebrate taxa. This study examines 43 quantitative derived from lateral cephalographs 830 baboons (Papio hamadryas) the pedigreed population housed at Southwest National Primate Research Center. Quantitative genetic analyses were conducted using SOLAR analytic platform, maximum-likelihood variance components method that incorporates all...

Background: Evaluation of skeletal maturity provides clinicians and researchers a window into the developmental progress skeleton. The FELS method for assessment point estimate standard error based on 98 indicators.Aim: This paper outlines statistical methodology used by original evaluates improvements that address following: serial correlation in calibration sample is now considered, Bayesian estimation employed to improve near ages 0 18 years uncertainty due sampling accounted when...

The ontogeny of human temporal bone pneumatization has been well studied from both comparative and clinical perspectives. While a difference in the extent air cell distribution noted our closest living relatives, chimpanzees gorillas, processes responsible have relatively unexplored. To examine these processes, large, age-graded series hominoid skulls was radiographed progress recorded. Additionally, subsample 30 12 gorillas subjected to high-resolution CT scanning. Neonatal specimens show...

Estimating chronological age or assessing the rate of maturation in immature individuals is an important task biological anthropology and clinical practice. One most reliable ways doing this by evaluating one's dental development, specifically tooth mineralization. However, few chronologies include reference values for very young children, provide extensive documentation range variation surrounding reported values. We present a new chronology development permanent mandibular canine...