We have previously shown that vanadate potentiates the activating effect of phorbol ester (TPA) on cellular phospholipase A2 (PLA2) in a pathway dependent formation reactive oxygen species (ROS). Here we evaluate chain enzymes (protein kinases and phosphatases) participate this process. Treatment macrophages with plus TPA led to activation protein kinase C (PKC) NADPH oxidase (O2- generation intact cells), massive tyrosine phosphorylation, suppression phosphatase (PTP) activity sustained...

Previous studies have shown that phosphorylase phosphatase can be isolated from rabbit liver and bovine heart as a form of Mr approximately 35,000 after an ethanol treatment tissue extracts. This enzyme was designated protein C. In the present study, reproducible methods for isolation two forms C skeletal muscle to apparent homogeneity are described. Protein C-I obtained in yields up 20%, with specific activities toward 8,000-16,000 units/mg protein. represents major activity ethanol-treated...

The sequences of two Drosophila and one rabbit protein phosphatase (PP) 1 catalytic subunits were determined from their cDNA. sequence PP1α was deduced a 2.2‐kb cDNA purified an embryonic library, while that for PP1β obtained overlapping clones isolated both head library eye imaginal disc library. gene is at 96A2–5 on chrõmosome 3 encodes 327 amino acids with calculated molecular mass 37.3 kDa. localized 9C1–2 the X chromosome 330 predicted 37.8 shows 96% acid identity to 2 (302 acids),...

Free fatty acid receptor 2 (FFAR2, also known as GPR43) is a G-protein-coupled activated by short-chain acids that are produced gut microbiota through fermentation of nondigestible carbohydrates. FFAR2 functions metabolic sensor and expressed in metabolically active tissues, such adipose tissue. Earlier studies proved the connection between adipocyte differentiation mice. The aim this study was to investigate implication adipogenesis human chorion-derived mesenchymal stem cells (cMSCs)....

A Drosophila gene encoding a protein phosphatase 1(PPI) has been sequenced, and lethal mutations in this locus (87B) analysed. Two mutants ( ck19 e211 hs46 ), which disrupt mitosis, lack the 87B isoenzyme express only ∼20% of wild type PPI activity. The Promoter region is deleted e11 mutant. third mutant e078 shows suppression position effect variegation, but little on possesses ∼35% results indicate that involved regulation chromosome condensation at interphase as well mitosis.

Tubulin polymerization-promoting protein (TPPP), an unfolded brain-specific interacts with the tubulin/microtubule system in vitro and vivo, is enriched human pathological brain inclusions. Here we show that TPPP induces tubulin self-assembly into intact frequently bundled microtubules, phosphorylation of specific sites distinctly affects function TPPP. In wild type truncated form (Δ3-43TPPP) recombinant was performed by kinases involved processes. A stoichiometry 2.9 ± 0.3, 2.2 0.9 0.1 mol...

Summary Reversible phosphorylation of serine/threonine residues cell cycle‐regulatory proteins is one the key molecular mechanisms controlling eukaryotic division. In plants, protein kinase partners (i.e. p34 cdc2/CDC28 ‐related kinases) have been extensively studied, while role counter‐acting phosphatases less well understood. We used endothall (ET) as a cell‐permeable inhibitor serine/threonine‐specific to alter cytological and biochemical characteristics division in cultured alfalfa...

A 1.2‐kb clone containing the full coding sequence of a protein phosphatase 1 catalytic subunit has been isolated from Drosophila head cDNA library. It encodes polypeptide 302 amino acids with molecular mass 34.5 kDa. The predicted is 92% identical (94% similar) to rabbit 1α (PP‐1α) demonstrating strict conservation over considerable evolutionary distance. Abundant 1.6‐kb and 2.5‐kb mRNA transcripts were detected troughout development. hybridised four sites on salivary gland polytene...

The learning and memory of Drosophila melanogaster strains carrying the Su-var(3)6(01) mutation, which is known to affect structural gene a protein phosphatase 1 isoenzyme, PP1(87B), were studied in various behavioral paradigms. Three lines comprising mutation different genetic backgrounds shown have diminished activity anomalies. Associative olfactory visual conditioning impaired. Olfactory acuity for odorants used response electric shock largely unchanged mutant lines. motility flight...

The opportunistic pathogen Candida albicans has a single protein phosphatase Z (PPZ) candidate gene termed CaPPZ1, which shows significant allele variability. We demonstrate here that bacterially expressed CaPpz1 exhibits activity can be inhibited by recombinant Hal3, known inhibitor of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Ppz1. Site-directed mutagenesis experiments based on natural polymorphisms allowed the identification three amino acid residues affect enzyme or stability. expression CaPPZ1 in ppz1...

Rat brain microtubule‐associated protein MAP1 B has been tested as a substrate for Ser/Thr phosphatases (PP). The dephosphorylation reactions were followed by specific antibodies recognizing phosphorylated and phosphorylatable epitopes. One set of phosphorylation sites on MAPI are referred to mode I sites, their is presumably catalyzed proline‐directed kinases. These efficiently dephosphorylated PP2B 2A but not PP1. Another MAP1B named II possibly due casein kinase II. PP2A PP1, the being...

ABSTRACT The opportunistic pathogen Candida is one of the most common causes nosocomial bloodstream infections. Because candidemia associated with high mortality rates and because incidences multidrug-resistant are increasing, efforts to identify novel targets for development potent antifungals warranted. Here, we describe structure function first member a family protein phosphatases that specific fungi, phosphatase Z1 (PPZ1) from albicans . We show PPZ1 not only active but also as...

Complementary DNA encoding a catalytic subunit of protein phosphatase 1, PP1 87B , hybridises at four positions (87B, 9C, 13C and 96A) to Drosophila melanogaster polytene chromosomes, three which are known be expressed [Dombrádi, V., Axton, J. M., Brewis, N. D., Da Cruz e Silva, E. F., Alphey, L. & Cohen, P. T. W. (1990) Eur. Biochem. 194 739–745]. The fourth gene has been isolated by screening genomic library cosmid clones, representing division 13 the X‐chromosome D. with probe. This...

A 1.0 kilobase cDNA coding for the complete amino acid sequence of a putative protein phosphatase (314 residues, molecular mass 36 kDa) has been isolated from Drosophila head library. The hybridises to single site on right arm second chromosome at cytological position 55A1–3. deduced protein, designated phosphatase‐Y, is homologous catalytic subunits and rabbit phosphatase‐ 1α (64 59% identity, respectively) phosphatase‐2A (39% identity). These other comparisons demonstrate that this novel...

The glucocorticoid betamethasone (BM) is frequently employed in clinical practice because of its anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties. In this study, we investigated the effect BM (1 2 mM) on ability Candida albicans to adhere to, invade damage oral, intestinal or vaginal epithelial cells, as well elicit cytokine chemokine release. at mM concentration stimulated adherence C. cells facilitated invasion epithelia without influencing growth rate invading hyphae any type...

Saccharomyces cerevisiae Hal3 and Vhs3 are moonlighting proteins, forming an atypical heterotrimeric decarboxylase (PPCDC) required for CoA biosynthesis, regulating cation homeostasis by inhibition of the Ppz1 phosphatase. The Schizosaccharomyces pombe ORF SPAC15E1.04 (renamed as Sp hal3) encodes a protein whose amino-terminal half is similar to Sc whereas its carboxyl-terminal related thymidylate synthase (TS). We show that and/or N-terminal domain retain ability bind modestly inhibit in...

The fluorinated glucocorticoid betamethasone stimulated both the extracellular phospholipase production and hypha formation of opportunistic human pathogen Candida albicans also decreased efficiency polyene antimycotics amphotericin B nystatin against C. in a dose‐dependent manner. Importantly, increased synergistically anti‐ activity oxidative stress generating agent menadione, which may be exploited future combination therapies to prevent or cure infections, field dermatology.

Protein phosphatase Z (Ppz) is a fungus specific enzyme that regulates cell wall integrity, cation homeostasis and oxidative stress response. Work on Saccharomyces cerevisiae has shown the inhibited by Hal3/Vhs3 moonlighting proteins together with Cab3 constitute essential phosphopantothenoylcysteine decarboxylase (PPCDC) enzyme. In Candida albicans CaPpz1 also involved in morphological changes infectiveness of this opportunistic human pathogen. To reveal regulatory context we searched C....