A5059964807- Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Cognitive Abilities and Testing
- Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Fibromyalgia and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Research
- Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
- Health, Environment, Cognitive Aging
- Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
- Health, psychology, and well-being
- Genetic Associations and Epidemiology
- Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Mental Health and Psychiatry
- Advanced Neuroimaging Techniques and Applications
- Family Caregiving in Mental Illness
- Birth, Development, and Health
- Migration, Health and Trauma
- Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Mental Health Research Topics
- Genetics and Neurodevelopmental Disorders
- Personality Disorders and Psychopathology
- Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Psychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments
- Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
Boston University
2014-2024
Vanderbilt University Medical Center
2020
VA San Diego Healthcare System
2014-2020
University of California, San Diego
2014-2020
San Diego State University
2014-2020
Saint Louis University
2020
VA St. Louis Health Care System
2020
University of Chicago
2020
Edward Hines, Jr. VA Hospital
2018
Washington University in St. Louis
2018
Previous research has demonstrated genetic and environmental influences on abuse of individual substances, but there is less known about how these factors may influence the co-occurrence different illicit drugs.We studied 3372 male twin pairs from Vietnam Era Twin Registry. They were interviewed using Diagnostic Interview Schedule, Version III, Revised to investigate extent which categories drugs occurs together within an individual, as well possibility that are responsible for observed...
Research and clinical experience indicate that drug use disorders tend to run in families. The objective of this study was distinguish between the family environment genetic factors as source observed resemblance. Data were collected by telephone interview from members Vietnam Era Twin Registry, comprising male twin pairs who served U.S. military 1965 1975. There 3,372 which both twins participated. Drug disorder defined receiving a diagnosis abuse or dependence according DSM-III-R; 10.1%...
Background: Clues to the causes of schizophrenia can be derived from studying first-degree relatives because they are genetically related an ill family member.Abnormalities observed in nonpsychotic indicators possible genetic vulnerability illness, independent psychosis.We tested 4 hypotheses: (1) that hippocampal volume is smaller than controls, particularly left hemisphere; (2) hippocampi will multiplex as compared with simplex relatives, and both controls; (3) volumes verbal declarative...
Mounting evidence suggests that compromised neurocognitive function is a core feature of schizophrenia. However, some studies have found neuropsychologically normal schizophrenia patients. To address this apparent contradiction, we blindly rated individual neuropsychological profiles 75 patients and 91 control participants on the basis methods developed by L. J. Seidman, S. V. Faraone, W. Kremen, R. Pepple, M. Lyons, T. Tsuang (1993). Almost one-quarter were classified as within limits...
Background:The only large, registry-based twin study of depression using diagnostic criteria assessed by structured interview included women.We present results from a comparable men.Methods: Data were collected standardized telephone men the Vietnam Era Twin Registry.Both twins 3372 pairs participated.Probandwise concordance rates and biometric modeling used to analyze data.Results: The diagnosis major (MD), as defined DSM-III-R, subtype severe/psychotic MD significantly affected genetic (h...
How and when education improves cognitive capacity is an issue of profound societal importance. Education later-life education-related factors, such as occupational complexity engagement in cognitive-intellectual activities, are frequently considered indices reserve, but whether their effects truly causal remains unclear. In this study, after accounting for general ability (GCA) at average age 20 y, additional education, complexity, or activities accounted little variance late midlife...
Abstract Introduction The locus coeruleus (LC) undergoes extensive neurodegeneration in early Alzheimer's disease (AD). LC is implicated regulating the sleep–wake cycle, modulating cognitive function, and AD progression. Methods Participants were 481 men (ages 62 to 71.7) from Vietnam Era Twin Study of Aging. structural integrity was indexed by neuromelanin‐sensitive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast‐to‐noise ratio (LC CNR ). We examined , cognition, amnestic mild impairment (aMCI),...
Cognitive models of interpersonal problem solving have been proposed for, but infrequently tested on, samples schizophrenia subjects. This study undertook to examine the relationships between receiving, processing, and sending skills that comprise one model with information processing social cue perception. Twenty-six patients a DSM-III-R diagnosis or schizoaffective disorder completed measures solving, perception, visual vigilance, verbal memory, conceptual flexibility, psychiatric...
In a prior study of 54 relatives patients with schizophrenia and 72 control participants, 3 neuropsychological functions met the criteria for risk indicators genotype: executive functioning, memory, auditory attention. an assessment stability these findings, sample was reexamined 4 years after initial assessment. Three test scores were found to differ between groups (Immediate Verbal Memory, Delayed Dichotic Listening Digits Detected) or show significant Group x Gender interaction (immediate...
The factor structures of individual positive and negative symptoms as well global ratings were examined in a diagnostically heterogeneous group subjects.Subjects identified through clinical family study patients with major psychoses at VA medical center evaluated the Scale for Assessment Negative Symptoms Positive Symptoms. For examination global-level (N = 630), both principal-component analysis orthogonal rotation used. Factor was used item-level 549).The revealed three factors: symptoms,...
Previous research has demonstrated stability of cognitive ability and marked heritability during adulthood, but questions remain about the extent to which genetic factors account for this stability. We conducted a 35-year longitudinal assessment general using Armed Forces Qualification Test administered 7,232 male twins in early adulthood readministered subset 1,237 late middle age. The proportion variance functioning explained by was .49 young .57 correlation between two administrations .74...
Longitudinal testing is necessary to accurately measure cognitive change. However, repeated susceptible practice effects, which may obscure true decline and delay detection of mild impairment (MCI).
Identifying mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in midlife could improve early identification of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Also, AD is highly heritable, but the heritability MCI has not been established. We estimated prevalence rates, association with premorbid general ability (GCA) and for different definitions neuropsychologically defined adults their 50s.We examined 1126 twins aged 51-59 years when recruited into Vietnam Era Twin Study Aging (VETSA). Six neurocognitive domains were assessed...
Prior research has demonstrated that shortly after the 1991 Gulf War (Gulf I), chronic multisymptom illness (CMI) was more common among deployed veterans than nondeployed veterans. The aims of current study were to determine prevalence CMI and 10 years I, compare distribution comorbid conditions, identify prewar factors associated with CMI. Cross-sectional data collected from 1,061 1,128 examined between 1999 2001 analyzed. 28.9% 15.8% (odds ratio = 2.16, 95% confidence interval: 1.61,...
Background. Results of previous research examining long-term residual effects marijuana use on cognition are conflicting. A major methodological limitation prior studies is the inability to determine whether differences between users and non-users due in genetic vulnerability preceding drug or drug. Method. Fifty-four monozygotic male twin pairs, discordant for regular which neither used any other illicit regularly, were recruited from Vietnam Era Twin Registry. minimum 1 year had passed...
Gulf War veterans reported multiple psychological symptoms immediately after the war; temporal course of these remains unclear.To assess prevalence war era onset mental disorders in US deployed to and non-deployed 10 years war.Mental were diagnosed using structured clinical interviews. Standard questionnaires assessed quality life.Gulf War-era more prevalent (18.1%, n=1061) compared with (8.9%, n=1128). The depression anxiety declined later both groups, but remained higher group, who also a...
Circadian rhythms are associated with the preference for sleep–wake timing, also known as morningness–eveningness (ME). Both circadian and ME influenced by genetic factors. Studies show an association between eveningness depression. This study investigates heritability of whether depression share common influences. Study participants (n = 1237) were from Vietnam Era Twin Aging, a longitudinal aging baseline in midlife. Participants received Morningness–Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ) Center...
In this longitudinal study we examined the stability of general cognitive ability (GCA), as well heterogeneity and genetic environmental influences underlying individual differences in change. We investigated GCA from young adulthood through late midlife 1,288 Vietnam Era Twin Study Aging participants at ages ∼20, ∼56, ∼62 years. The correlations among 3 occasions ranged .73 to .85, reflecting substantial stability. heritability was significant on each .59 .66. influence shared environment...
Poor sleep quality is a risk factor for number of cognitive and physiological age-related disorders. Identifying factors underlying are important in understanding the etiology these health We investigated extent to which genes environment contribute subjective middle-aged male twins using classical twin design. used Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index measure 1218 men from Vietnam Era Twin Study Aging (mean age = 55.4 years; range 51-60; 339 monozygotic pairs, 257 dizygotic 26 unpaired twins)....
We investigated the association of neuropsychological risk indicators in a matched sample first-degree relatives schizophrenic patients (n=54) and normal controls (n=72). focussed on three functions previously identified smaller, initial as putative schizophrenia genotype: abstraction, verbal memory auditory attention. The expanded displayed significantly lower scores than demonstrated significant intercorrelations among these functions. correlations between attention abstraction differed...