To understand and quantify intraocular pressure (IOP) measurement errors introduced by corneal variables during applanation tonometry using a cornea biomechanical model.Department of Ophthalmology, Biomedical Engineering Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.The model assumed an overall resultant that was based on the summation pressure, true IOP, surface tension caused tear film to determine final deformation apex IOP measurement. Corneal resistance varied according...

Summary It is well documented that large herbivores have pronounced effects on plant communities in grassland ecosystems, and the extent course of their can largely depend both herbivore characteristics. Previous studies highlighted importance productivity predicting impact grasslands. Yet, there has been little consideration how different affect that, turn, differ diversity. In a 2‐year grazing experiment, we tested (cattle or sheep, together) under high low diversity levels eastern...

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the relative binding and potencies three inhibitors vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF), used treat neovascular age-related macular degeneration, assess their relevance in context clinical outcome. Ranibizumab is a 48 kDa antigen fragment, which lacks fragment crystallizable (Fc) region rapidly cleared from systemic circulation. Aflibercept, 110 fusion protein, bevacizumab, 150 monoclonal antibody, each contain an Fc region. Binding...

Tripyrrole molecules have received renewed attention due to reports of numerous biological activities, including antifungal, antibacterial, antiprotozoal, antimalarial, immunosuppressive, and anticancer activities. In a screen bacterial strains with known toxicities termites, red pigment-producing strain, HDZK-BYSB107, was isolated from Chamaecyparis lawsoniana, which grows in Oregon, USA. Strain HDZK-BYSB107 identified as Serratia marcescens subsp. lawsoniana. The pigment prodigiosin using...

Nanoparticles have drawn great attention as targeted imaging and/or therapeutic agents. The small size of the nanoparticles allows them to target cells that are beyond capillary vasculature, such cancer cells. We investigated effect solid for enhancing ultrasonic grey scale images in tissue phantoms and mouse livers vivo. Silica nanospheres (100 nm) were dispersed agarose at 1–2.5% mass concentration imaged by a high-resolution ultrasound system (transducer centre frequency: 30 MHz)....

Summary Ambrosia trifida L. (giant ragweed), an aggressive weed of US grain crops and indigenous to North America, colonizes no‐tillage crop fields undisturbed soils despite its large seed size susceptibility predation. Secondary dispersal is critical survival seedling establishment, yet mechanisms secondary are poorly understood for such large‐seeded weedy species. Field experiments were conducted determine how foraging by the European exotic burrowing earthworm Lumbricus terrestris L.,...

Disease-specific enhanced imaging through a targeted agent promises to improve the specificity of medical ultrasound. Nanoparticles may provide unique advantages for ultrasound due their novel physical and surface properties. In this study, we examined nanoparticle developed from biodegradable polymer, polylactic acid (PLA). The nanoparticles (mean diameter = 250 nm) were conjugated an anti-Her2 antibody (i.e., Herceptin) specific binding breast cancer cells that overexpress Her2 receptors....

To investigate whether corneal stiffness affects the elevation of intraocular pressure after an acute increase in volume ocular fluid.Saline (200 microL total) was infused into porcine globes before and stiffening. Intraocular (IOP) continuously monitored by a sensor that cannulated to vitreous chamber. Corneal stiffening achieved immersing corneas 1% or 4% glutaraldehyde solution for 20 minutes. strips were dissected from globes, stress-strain relationships measured. The mean secant modulus...

Purpose: In vivo biomechanical characterization of the cornea remains a challenge. We have developed high-resolution ultrasound elastography technique, termed ocular pulse (OPE), to measure corneal deformation in response intraocular pressure (IOP) pulsation at each heartbeat. this study, we aimed compare axial strains (CASs) between patients with keratoconus and normal subjects evaluate spatial mapping CAS high grade keratoconus. Methods: Forty (63 eyes) 40 controls (80 were enrolled study....

Background. Scleral biomechanical properties may be important in the pathogenesis and progression of glaucoma. The goal this study is to develop validate an ultrasound method for measuring cross-sectional distributive strains sclera during elevations intraocular pressure (IOP). Method Approach. Porcine globes (n = 5) were tested within 24 hs postmortem. posterior scleral shells dissected mounted onto a custom-built pressurization chamber. A high-frequency (55-MHz) system (Vevo660,...

This study tested the hypothesis that intraocular pressure (IOP) elevations, induced by controlled increase of volume, are correlated with biomechanical responses posterior sclera.Porcine globes were within 48 hours postmortem. The first group (n = 11) was infused 15 μL phosphate-buffered saline at three different rates to investigate rate-dependent IOP elevations. second 16) fast rate and then underwent inflation tests relationship between elevations (ΔIOP) scleral strains. strains in...

Purpose The collagen structure of the human peripapillary sclera plays a significant role in determining optic nerve head (ONH) biomechanics, and is therefore interest study glaucoma. aim current work was to map anisotropic normal as function tissue depth. Methods Wide-angle x-ray scattering used quantify fibril orientation at 0.5mm intervals across six 150μm-thick serial sections through eight European-derived eyes. Two structural parameters were measured: 1) relative number fibrils...

Purpose: To measure the deformation of human optic nerve head (ONH) and peripapillary tissue (PPT) in response to acute intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation. Methods: The ONH PPT 14 donor globes were imaged with high-frequency ultrasonography during inflation testing from 5 30 mm Hg. A correlation-based speckle tracking algorithm was used compute displacements, through-thickness, in-plane, shear strains calculated by using least-squares strain estimation methods. segmented along...

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To evaluate the influence of ocular shell biomechanical characteristics on corneal deformation response to an air puff.The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.Experimental study.Twenty-four eyes 12 human donors were obtained in matched pairs. One eye was secured a purpose-designed whole globe mount (whole-globe group). The cornea from fellow placed Barron artificial anterior chamber (artificial-chamber corneas mounted sequentially and connected pressure-control system. Deformation...

Purpose: To measure the deformation of porcine optic nerve head (ONH) and peripapillary sclera (PPS) in response to intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation. Methods: High-frequency ultrasound was used image ONH PPS 12 eyes during ex vivo inflation testing from 5 30 mm Hg. A speckle tracking algorithm compute tissue displacements anterior-posterior direction expansion scleral canal. Through-thickness, in-plane, shear strains were calculated within ONH. Regional analyzed compared. Results: The...

Purpose. To determine the efficacy and safety of preoperative intravitreal conbercept (IVC) injection before vitrectomy for proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). Methods. 107 eyes 88 patients that underwent pars plana (PPV) active PDR were enrolled. All assigned randomly to either IVC group or control group. Follow-up examinations performed three months after surgery. The primary bioactivity measures severity intraoperative bleeding, incidence early late recurrent VH, vitreous clear-up...

Soft tissue often displays marked age-associated stiffening. This study aims to investigate how age affects scleral biomechanical properties in a canine glaucoma model with ADAMTS10 mutation, whose extracellular matrix is concomitantly influenced by the mutation and an increased mechanical load from early age. Biomechanical data was acquired ADAMTS10-mutant dogs (n = 10, 21 131 months) normal 5, 69 113 months). Infusion testing first performed whole globes measure ocular rigidity. After...

Imaging corneal biomechanical changes or abnormalities is important for better clinical diagnosis and treatment of diseases. We propose a novel ultrasound-based method, called ocular pulse elastography (OPE), to image deformation during the naturally occurring pulse. Experiments on animal human donor eyes, as well synthetic radiofrequency (RF) data, were used evaluate efficacy OPE method. Using very high-frequency ultrasound (center frequency = 55 MHz), correlation-based speckle tracking...

Purpose.: To describe a quantitative ultrasonic spectroscopy technique for the noninvasive characterization of corneal biomechanical properties and to compare these measurements with established techniques in porcine eye model. Methods.: An ultrasound system was constructed accurately acquire acoustic reflections from corneas through saline bath. Corneal (including thickness, density aggregate modulus) were estimated measured reflection spectra based on wave propagation analysis. Twenty...

We present Heartbeats-2-Bits (H2B), which is a system for securely pairing wearable devices by generating shared secret key from the skin vibrations caused heartbeat. This work motivated potential power saving opportunity arising fact that heartbeat intervals can be detected energy-efficiently using inexpensive and power-efficient piezo sensors, obviates need to employ complex monitors such as Electrocardiogram or Photoplethysmogram. Indeed, our experiments show sensors measure on many...