A cross-sectional study was conducted from May 2016 to January 2017 in Rubavu and Nyabihu districts, Western Rwanda, aiming at estimating the prevalence of subclinical mastitis (SCM) identifying its causative bacteria. Management practices milking procedures were recorded through a questionnaire. 123 crossbreed cows 13 dairy farms randomly selected screened for SCM using California Mastitis Test (CMT). Composite CMT positive milk samples processed bacterial isolation identification. The...

Bovine mastitis continues to be a leading cause of heavy economic losses in the dairy industry and public health hazard globally. This cross-sectional study investigated prevalence, etiologies clinical subclinical mastitis, associated predisposing factors Embu Kajiado counties Kenya. A semistructured questionnaire was administered 154 smallholder farmers collect data on management practices, animal factors, disease history. total 395 cows were initially screened for using California test...

Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is a contagious viral disease of small ruminants. Serum samples from sheep (n = 431) and goats 538) all ages were collected in cross-sectional study Turkana County, Kenya. The objective was to estimate the sero-prevalence PPR virus (PPRV) infection associated risk factors both species. PPRV competitive enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay (c-ELISA) analysed presence antibodies samples. All analyses conducted for each species separately. Multivariable logistic...

Increasing numbers of potentially zoonotic multidrug-resistant (MDR) staphylococci strains, associated with mastitis in dairy cows, are being reported globally and threaten disease management both animal human health. However, the prevalence antimicrobial resistance profiles these including methicillin-resistant (MRS), Kenya is not well known. This study investigated drug genes carried by 183 isolates from 142 cows representing 93 farms recovered milk two selected counties Kenya....

A study was carried out to confirm and identify sources elucidate factors associated with the introduction of Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR) in southern Tanzania. This conducted Tandahimba Newala districts Mtwara region following suspected outbreak PPR area. Qualitative data were collected using semi-structured questionnaires in-depth interviews key informants who included goat sheep owners cases animal health service providers as well local administrative authority. Additionally, 216...

Peste des petits ruminants is a major economic disease affecting the pastoral herders in Kenya, with outbreaks Turkana County having devastating effects on livelihoods. region associated natural and manmade disasters, poor infrastructure insecurity. There limited essential data livestock diseases analysis. This study has attempted to estimate direct loses occasioned by of (PPR) based perceived loss benefits experienced people. Parameters for analytical model were derived from secondary data,...

Camel health management has implications for public and camel product trade. After liberalization of the veterinary service, current in arid semi-arid lands (ASALS) Kenya its is not known. This study investigated on zoonoses food safety Isiolo County, Kenya. Semi-structured questionnaires were administered to 150 households, 15 agro-veterinary shops, community-based animal workers (CBAHWs) 10 officers collect information management. The main occupation source household income pastoral...

A study was conducted to determine the presence of Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) in camel population kept together with small Isiolo, Mandera, Marsabit, and Wajir counties Kenya. This done wake a disease unknown etiology “ Camel Sudden Death Syndrome ” camels horn Africa. Thirty-eight (38) samples, 12, 8, 15, 3 were collected from Wajir, respectively, 25 camels, 7 goats, 4 sheep. One Mandera one goat confirmed positive for PPR virus (PPRV) through reverse Polymerase Chain Reaction. The...

In May 2011 in Turkana County, north-western Kenya, tissue samples were collected from goats suspected of having died peste des petits ruminant (PPR) disease, an acute viral disease small ruminants. The processed and tested by reverse transcriptase PCR for the presence PPR RNA. positive sequenced identified as belonging to ruminants virus (PPRV) lineage III. Full-genome analysis one revealed that causing Kenya was 95.7% identical full genome a isolated Uganda 2012 segment fusion gene 100%...

Hepatitis B virus is a widespread public health menace approximated to have infected 257 million people chronically by 2015. Data on the prevalence of HBV important in formulating policies control like safe blood transfusion. Adolescents aged 15 24 years, known engage risky activities associated with spread, constitute major donors Kenya. Notwithstanding current donation safety measures, still remain hazardous transfusion-transmissible infections donated blood. This study therefore was...

To determine the effects of inclusion, at different levels Moringa oleifera leaf meal (MOLM) in growing pig diets on pig’s daily feed intakes (DFI), growth performance, conversion efficiency (FCE), haematology and plasma lipid indices, a total 24 pigs aged 2.5 months old were selected assigned to 4 treatment (T) containing: 0% (T1), 3% (T2), 6% (T3) 12% (T4) MOLM concentrations, each with 2 replications 3 pigs. The DFI weekly weights monitored for 7 weeks, after which sets blood samples...

As safe agents of last resort, carbapenems are reserved for the treatment infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms. The impact β-lactam antibiotics, cefotaxime, and meropenem on frequency diversity carbapenemase-producing organisms recovered from environmental samples has not been fully established. Therefore, this methodological study aimed at determining drugs used in selective enrichment their recovery Enterobacterales (CPE) untreated wastewater. We a longitudinal design where...

Staphylococcus aureus is an important pathogen associated with hospital, community, and livestock-acquired infections, the ability to develop resistance antibiotics. Nasal carriage by hospital inpatients a risk for opportunistic infections. Antibiotic susceptibility patterns, virulence genes genetic population structure of S. nasal isolates, from at Busia County Referral Hospital (BCRH) were analyzed. A total 263 randomly sampled, May July 2015. The majority (85.9%) treated empirically...

We report the first complete genome sequence of a lineage III peste des petits ruminants virus (KN5/2011) using RNA extracted from goat lung tissue collected in Kenya 2011. The shows highest nucleotide identity with II viruses (PPRVs) (86.1 to 87.2%) and lowest IV PPRVs (82.5 83.8%).

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is endemic in Kenya affecting cloven-hoofed ruminants. The epidemiology of the small ruminants (SR) not documented. We carried out a cross-sectional study, first Kenya, to estimate sero-prevalence FMD SR and associated risk factors nationally. Selection animals be sampled used multistage cluster sampling approach. Serum samples totaling 7564 were screened for antibodies non-structural-proteins using ID Screen ® NSP Competition ELISA kit. To identify factors,...

Abattoir workers have been identified as high-risk for livestock-associated Staphylococcus aureus carriage. This study investigated S. carriage in abattoir Western Kenya. Nasal swabs were collected once from participants between February-November 2012. was isolated using bacterial culture and antibiotic susceptibility testing performed the VITEK 2 instrument disc diffusion methods. Isolates underwent whole genome sequencing Multi Locus Sequence Types derived these data. (n = 126) 118/737...

Wildebeest associated malignant catarrhal fever (WA-MCF) is a fatal disease of cattle. Outbreaks are seasonal and with close interaction between cattle calving wildebeest. In Kenya, WA-MCF has dramatic effect on cattle-keepers who lose up to 10% their herds per year. The objective this study was report the impact commercial ranch assess performance clinical diagnosis compared laboratory as management tool. A retrospective in conducted from 2014 2016 at Kapiti Plains Ranch Ltd., Kenya. During...

Goats are among the most important small ruminants affected by Peste des Petits (PPR) and contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CCPP) diseases, two of significant constraints worldwide to production ruminant species. Herein, competitive enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA) latex agglutination test (LAT) were used determine coinfections PPR CCPP in goats Kwale County on Kenya’s South Coast. A total 368 serum samples collected from various ages sexes exhibiting respiratory distress four...

Introduction Campylobacter bacteria is a major cause of foodborne-related bacterial gastroenteritis in humans worldwide. It known to diarrhea young children which has been shown directly affect their weight and height as result malnutrition. Severe cases can also lead death. Most the burden experienced resource-limited countries Africa Southeast Asia where disease linked poor hygiene sanitation. The objective this study was determine prevalence aged between 6 24 months Nairobi, Kenya...

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