This study demonstrates how naturalistic decision‐making ( NDM ) can be usefully applied to ‘decision inertia’ – Namely the cognitive process associated with failures execute action when a decision‐maker struggles choose between equally perceived aversive outcomes. Data assessed response and recovery from sudden impact disaster during 2‐day immersive simulated emergency response. Fourteen agencies (including police, fire, ambulance, military) 194 participants were involved in exercise. By...

Abstract Improving inter‐agency working across organizations is an important goal public and private sectors. The UK Emergency Services have spent a decade implementing organizational change to improve interoperability between the Police, Fire Ambulance Services. JESIP—the group tasked with realising this change—have faced criticism. We evaluated JESIP's efforts by interviewing expert commanders, finding participants supported principle of change, but issues impeded its implementation....

This mixed-methods, quasi-experimental pilot study examined whether the Nintendo Wii Sports (NWS) active video game (exergame) system could significantly improve functional ability, physical activity levels, and quality of life 34 older adults (4 men 30 women, 83 ± 8 yr) living in 2 residential aged-care (RAC) centers. Change score analyses indicated intervention group had greater increases bicep curl muscular endurance, psychological than control (p < .05). Analysis quotes underlying 3...

The transition from jawless to jawed vertebrates (gnathostomes) resulted in the reconfiguration of muscles and skeleton head, including creation a separate shoulder girdle with distinct neck muscles. We describe here only known examples preserved musculature placoderms (extinct armored fishes), phylogenetically most basal vertebrates. Placoderms possess regionalized muscular anatomy that differs radically extant sharks, which is often viewed as primitive for gnathostomes. placoderm data...

This article provides an integration and synthesis of the strengths weaknesses utilizing simulation-based training environments for research. It information researchers interested in exploring complex, dynamic, high-stakes decision making critical incidents. The proposes that immersive simulated learning (ISLEs) are effective naturalistic tool examining strategic tactical multiteam making. Specifically, they useful researching whereby characteristics anticipation, preparation, mitigation,...

Major emergencies are high-stakes, ambiguous, dynamic and stressful events.Emergency response commanders rely on their expertise training to mitigate these factors implement action.The Critical Decision Method was used interview n=31 from the Police (n=12), Fire Rescue (n=15) Ambulance Services (n=4) in UK about challenges decision making.Transcripts were analysed two ways: (i) using thematic analyses categorise incident command; (ii) grounded theory develop a theoretical understanding of...

This paper explores how multi‐agency response teams communicate and coordinate in different phases of a simulated terrorist incident. Procedural guidelines state that responders should their to major emergency across two phases: ‘response’ (when the incident is ongoing) ‘recovery’ threat has subsided, but legacy ongoing). However, no research examined whether these map behaviours situ. To address this, we used measures communication coordination examine evolved during United Kingdom. We...

By reference to a live hostage negotiation exercise, this study presents taxonomy of uncertainty that can be usefully applied assist in the categorization and application findings from decision-making research conducted naturalistic (specifically critical incident) settings. Uncertainty was measured via observational methods (during exercise by video footage), decision logs, postincident simulated recall interviews with trainee police officers. Transcripts were coded analyzed thematically....

When operating in multiteam settings, it is important that goals are cohesive between team members, especially high‐stakes, risky, and uncertain environments. This study explored goal consistency during a emergency response simulation. A total of n = 50 commanders from the UK Police Services, Fire Rescue Ambulance Services took part simulated terrorism exercise, who were split into 13 teams. Each responded to same terrorist event, which was based on ‘Marauding Terrorist Firearms Attack’ (...

The term ‘public confidence’ has become the key indicator of trust, legitimacy and consent in policing it is this measure confidence that overarching conceptualisation successful policing. This paper focuses on providing a greater understanding drivers public police using three surveys same community: Community Safety Survey (N = 4,499), Victim Satisfaction 1,084) Anti-Social Behaviour 301). Gender age differences were found, with females older participants exhibiting higher Non-criminal...

Cognitive Task Analysis (CTA) is a powerful methodological approach that can enhance the rigorous elicitation and documentation of complex cognitive processes within interview-based qualitative research. We provide insights into this set semi-structured interviewing techniques we contend have much to offer management researchers who wish understand complexities expert cognition specific work-related tasks. Distinct from traditional interview methods, CTA designed identify knowledge...

When individuals perceive time pressure, they decrease the generation of diagnostic hypotheses and prioritize information. This article examines whether individual differences in (a) internal urgency, (b) experience, (c) fluid mental ability can moderate these effects. Police officers worked through a computer-based rape investigative scenario, which 35 were subjected to pressure manipulation, with their prioritization skills compared control (n = 41). Group 1 was told would "get less...

Abstract. When presented with competing options, critical incident decision makers often struggle to commit a choice (in particular when all options appear yield negative consequences). Despite being motivated take action in disasters, terrorism, major investigations, and complex political interventions, can become inert, looping between phases of situation assessment, option generation, evaluation. This “looping” is functionally redundant it persists until they have lost the opportunity...

Using an educational data mining approach, first-year academic achievement of undergraduate nursing students, which included two compulsory courses in introductory human anatomy and physiology, was compared with a final semester course that transitioned students into the workplace. We hypothesized could be grouped according to their using two-step cluster analysis method grades achieved physiology would strong predictors overall achievement. One cohort graduated 2014 (n = 105) one 2015 94)...

The population diversity of New Zealand is due to the unique fusion indigenous peoples Polynesian origin (Māori), western European colonization (Pākehā), and more recent (20th century) immigration from Pacific region (Pasifika). However, disparities in tertiary education indicate that Māori Pasifika students are likely drop out during their first year study less complete qualification than Pākehā peers. Higher levels course engagement may increase first-year grades, elevate academic...

Team training is essential for building the knowledge, skills and attitudes that are required effective teamwork. In UK Emergency Services, one goal of team has been to promote greater interoperability between different response agencies, however efficacy this not tested. The research was explore perspectives emergency responders evaluate their experiences training. We used a mixed-methods online survey methodology current Quantitively, we found participants rated both small- large-scale...

This mixed-method study examined the feasibility and potential benefits of five weeks Nintendo Wii SportsTM (NWS) play for 11 nursing home residents. Nursing staff residents suggested that NWS is feasible in context it has psychosocial benefits. While no significant changes dynamic stability, health-related quality life (QOL) or fear falling were observed (p = 0.185-0.841), a moderate effect size physical QOL was found. Randomized controlled trials involving larger samples more outcome...

Abstract Despite the widespread recognition of climate change as single biggest global threat, willingness people to their behavior mitigate its effects is limited. Past research, often focusing on specific categories behavior, has highlighted a very significant gap between people’s intentions behave more sustainably and actual behavior. This paper presents new approach this issue, by using open-ended questions map much broader range cognitions emotions about good environmental Two key...