The underlying pathophysiology of the metabolic syndrome is subject debate, with both insulin resistance and obesity considered as important factors. We evaluated differential effects central body fat distribution in determining defined by National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Adult Treatment Panel III. In addition, we determined which NCEP criteria were associated adiposity. subjects, 218 healthy men (n = 89) women 129) a broad range age (26-75 years) BMI (18.4-46.8 kg/m2),...

We sought to determine whether a history of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) further increases the risk cardiovascular disease (CVD) in parous women with first-degree relatives type 2 diabetes.Women (n = 332) and without 663) GDM were compared regarding 1) revised National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III metabolic syndrome criteria, 2) prevalence diabetes, 3) self-reported CVD.Women prior younger (48.6 +/- 0.7 vs. 52.4 0.6 years [means SE];P < 0.001) less likely be...

To identify risk factors for incident coronary heart disease (CHD).A total of 175 Japanese-American men without CHD were followed up to 10 years. Baseline variables blood pressure, weight, BMI, fat areas by computed tomography, skinfold thicknesses, abdominal circumference, plasma insulin, C-peptide, cholesterol, LDL HDL HDL2 and HDL3 triglycerides, apoproteins A1 B, diagnosis diabetes hypertension. was diagnosed electrocardiogram clinical events. Logistic regression used estimate odds...

Abstract Background: Specific gravity (SG) may perform as well creatinine (CR) correction for adjusting urinary hormone concentrations, offer some advantages. We compared the two methods and applied them to US Bangladeshi specimens evaluate their use in different populations. Methods: Pearson correlations between serum concentrations SG, CR, uncorrected were using paired daily urine from one menstrual cycle 30 women. Corrected estrone conjugate pregnanediol glucuronide with estradiol...

The C-Leg (Otto Bock, Duderstadt, Germany) is a microprocessor-controlled prosthetic knee that may enhance amputee gait. This intrasubject randomized study compared the gait biomechanics of transfemoral amputees wearing with those common noncomputerized prosthesis, Mauch SNS (Ossur, Reykjavik, Iceland). After subjects had 3-month acclimation period each knee, typical biomechanical data were collected in laboratory. At controlled walking speed (CWS), peak swing phase knee-flexion angle...

Treatment with 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme-A reductase inhibitors ("statins") has been associated in some epidemiologic studies reduced risk of Alzheimer disease (AD). However, direct evidence statin effects on neuropathologic markers AD is lacking. We investigated whether antecedent exposure neuritic plaque (NP) or neurofibrillary tangle (NFT) burden a population-based sample human subjects.Brain autopsies were performed 110 subjects, ages 65 to 79 years, who cognitively normal at...

Late-life depression is associated with increased risk of dementia, but the temporal relationship between and development dementia remains unclear.To examine association baseline depressive symptoms; history depression, particularly early-life (<50 years) vs late-life (≥50 years); individual domains Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale.A large cohort initially nondemented participants was followed up biennially to 15 years. Baseline symptoms were assessed using 11-item version...

Studies of traumatic brain injury from all causes have found evidence chronic hypopituitarism, defined by deficient production one or more pituitary hormones at least 1 year after injury, in 25-50% cases. Most studies the occurrence posttraumatic hypopituitarism (PTHP) to be unrelated severity. Growth hormone deficiency (GHD) and hypogonadism were reported most frequently. Hypopituitarism, particular adult GHD, is associated with symptoms that resemble those PTSD, including fatigue, anxiety,...

Background: Newer designs and techniques of total ankle arthroplasty (TAA) have challenged the assumption arthrodesis (AA) as primary treatment for end-stage arthritis. The objective this study was to compare physical mental function, ankle-specific pain intensity, rates revision surgery minor complications between these 2 procedures explore heterogeneous effects due age, body mass index (BMI), patient sex, comorbidities, employment on patients treated by 1 methods. Methods: This a multisite...

Background: Plantar pressure measurements often are used as a tool to evaluate pathologic gait. Previous studies, done at self-selected walking speeds, have peak plantar try predict ulcer formation, compare surgical outcomes, and orthotic device efficacy. However, the relationship between speed pressures specific regions has not been clearly defined. Methods: Twenty normal subjects walked on treadmill six speeds (0.75 2.00 m/s). In-shoe was measured five compared across range of speeds....

Objectives: To examine the association of serum total cholesterol (TC) and high density lipoprotein (HDL) levels subsequent incidence dementia Alzheimer disease (AD) in a population-based cohort study. Methods: A cognitively intact persons, aged 65 older, was randomly selected from Group Health Cooperative (GHC), large health maintenance organization, assessed biennially for dementia. Premorbid TC HDL were obtained computerized clinical laboratory database at GHC. Cox proportional hazards...

OBJECTIVE: Plasma leptin levels correlate strongly with increased total adipose tissue, a known risk factor for type 2 diabetes, yet the role of in etiology diabetes remains unclear. We sought to determine whether is development Japanese Americans. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: compared baseline 370 nondiabetic Americans who remained 5-6 years follow-up those 40 developed during follow-up. All participants had computed tomography measurements subcutaneous chest, abdomen, thigh, and...

OBJECTIVES: To assess variation in the association between blood pressure (BP) and risk for dementia across a spectrum of older ages to examine BP changes before onset. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: A large health maintenance organization Seattle, Washington. PARTICIPANTS: 2,356 members aged 65 who were initially without dementia. MEASUREMENTS: Dementia diagnosis was assessed biennially, systolic (SBP) diastolic (DBP) measured at baseline four follow‐up assessments. Cox...

To determine whether risk reduction of statins for Alzheimer's disease (AD) varies by age or presence apolipoprotein E (APOE) epsilon4 allele.A cohort cognitively intact elderly participants was assessed biennially dementia and AD.Community based.Three thousand three hundred ninety-two members a health maintenance organization (HMO) aged 65 older without dementia.Statin use identified from the HMO pharmacy database, proportional hazards models were applied with statin as time-dependent...

Low-back pain is an important cause of secondary disability in transfemoral amputees. The primary aim our study to assess the differences lumbar spine kinematics during gait between amputees with and without low-back pain.Lumbar three planes were measured when subjects walked a motion analysis laboratory. Nine pain, eight six healthy, nonamputee participated.The Amputee Pain No groups essentially same terms all demographic potentially confounding variable measures. Transfemoral showed...

Introduction: This study investigated the effects of testosterone (T) treatment on cognition, mood, and quality life in men with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) low serum T levels. Methods: A total 351 community-dwelling were screened, 37 evidenced both MCI whom 27 agreed for further screening. Twenty-two met all inclusion/exclusion criteria enrolled a 6-month randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Results: Total levels significantly increased group. No significant changes...

The purpose of this study was to quantify differences in joint range motion, foot deformity, and morphology among pes cavus, neutrally aligned, planus rigid, flexible feet. A cohort 1047 veterans with diabetes (contributing 2047 feet) enrolled a prospective diabetic ulcer risk factors (the Seattle Diabetic Foot Study). Significant between types were found. Pes cavus feet had an increased percentage prominent metatarsal heads, bony prominences, hammer/claw toes ( p &lt;.0001), as well...

The prevalence of glucose intolerance and type 2 diabetes increases with age. To determine whether the hyperbolic relationship between insulin sensitivity response is affected by age decline in β-cell function related to intra-abdominal fat or per se, we studied 220 healthy subjects fasting &amp;lt;6.1 mmol/l (89 men 131 women, aged 26–75 years, BMI 18.7–40.4 kg/m2). index (Si) acute (AIRg) were determined, from these was estimated as disposition (Si × AIRg). Intra-abdominal subcutaneous...

Abstract Background: Monitoring of reproductive steroid hormones at the population level requires frequent measurements, or metabolites that remain stable under less than ideal collection and storage conditions, a long-term supply antibodies, assays useful for range populations. We developed enzyme immunoassays urinary pregnanediol 3-glucuronide (PDG) estrone conjugates (E1Cs) meet these criteria. Methods: Enzyme based on monoclonal antibodies were evaluated specificity, detection limit,...

We hypothesized an association between foot type, deformity, and ulceration conducted analysis of a well-characterized, high-risk diabetic population 398 subjects.The average age was 62 years 74% the study were males.Foot-type distributions 19.5% pes cavus (high arch), 51.5% neutrally aligned (normal 29.0% planus (low arch).We quantified presence hallux valgus (23.9%), hammer/claw toes (46.7%), limitus (24.4%).A significant found type (p = 0.003); feet had highest prevalence as compared with...

OBJECTIVE—To determine whether the hyperbolic relationship between insulin sensitivity and acute response to glucose (AIRg) exists in subjects with impaired fasting (IFG) or decreased tolerance. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—We studied 219 healthy (88 male 131 female subjects, aged 26–75 years) plasma (FPG) &amp;lt;6.11 mmol/l. Subjects underwent an intravenous tolerance test index (Si), AIRg, disappearance constant (Kg), latter a measure of RESULTS—Si AIRg were inversely related for entire...