The last decade has seen numerous outbreaks of Clostridium difficile -associated disease (CDAD), which presented significant challenges for healthcare facilities worldwide. We have identified and purified thuricin CD, a two-component antimicrobial that shows activity against C. in the nanomolar range. Thuricin CD is produced by Bacillus thuringiensis DPC 6431, bacterial strain isolated from human fecal sample, it consists two distinct peptides, Trn-α Trn-β, act synergistically to kill wide...

Nisin is a bacteriocin widely utilized in more than 50 countries as safe and natural antibacterial food preservative. It the most extensively studied bacteriocin, having undergone decades of bioengineering with view to improving function physicochemical properties. The discovery novel nisin variants enhanced activity against clinical foodborne pathogens has recently been described. We screened randomized bank A producers identified variant serine glycine change at position 29 (S29G),...

Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhoea (CDAD) is the most common hospital-acquired diarrhoea, and a major type of gastroenteritis infection in nursing homes facilities for elderly. In this study antimicrobial activity two-component lantibiotic, lacticin 3,147, against range genetically distinct C. difficile isolates was studied. The bacteriocin exhibited an MIC(50) 3.6 microg ml(-1) 10 strains isolated from healthy subjects, inflammatory bowel disease patients culture collection strains....

Renin is the initial rate limiting step in renin angiotensinogen system (RAS). To combat hypertension, various stages of RAS can be positively affected. The aim this study was to isolate and characterize inhibitory peptides from red seaweed P. palmata for use functional foods. Palmaria protein extracted hydrolyzed with food grade enzyme Papain generate peptides. Following proteolytic hydrolysis protein, reverse phase-high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) employed enrich...

The demand for novel antimicrobial therapies due to the threat posed by resistance has resulted in a growing interest protective role of our skin bacteria and importance competition among on skin. A survey cultivable human was undertaken identify capacity microbiota produce bacteriocins with activity against pathogens. Twenty-one produced isolated from seven sites body each subject exhibited inhibition spectra ranging broad narrow range, inhibiting many Gram-positive bacteria, including...

Proteomic analysis of bovine, caprine, buffalo, equine and camel milk highlighted significant interspecies differences. Camel was found to be devoid β-lactoglobulin, whereas β-lactoglobulin the major whey protein in milk. Five different isoforms κ-casein were milk, analogous micro-heterogeneity observed for bovine κ-casein. Several spots 2D-electrophoretograms all species could tentatively identified as polypeptides arising from enzymatic hydrolysis caseins. The understanding gained...

Abstract Lactobacilli constitute a large genus of Gram-positive lactic acid bacteria which have widespread roles ranging from gut commensals to starters in fermented foods. A combination silico and laboratory-based screening allowed us determine the overall bacteriocin producing potential representative strains each species genus. The genomes 175 lactobacilli 38 associated were screened for presence antimicrobial genes combined with activity against range indicators. There also appears be...

Consumer interest in health-promoting food products is a major driving force for the increasing global demand of functional (probiotic) dairy foods. Yogurt considered ideal medium delivery beneficial ingredients. Gamma-amino-butyric acid has potential as bioactive ingredient foods due to its properties an anti-stress, anti-hypertensive, and anti-diabetic agent. Here, we report use novel Streptococcus thermophilus strain, isolated from digestive tract fish, production yogurt naturally...

This study describes the characterization of nisin J, first example a natural variant, produced by human skin isolate staphylococcal origin. Nisin J displays inhibitory activity against wide range bacterial targets, including MRSA. work demonstrates potential commensals as source for novel antimicrobials that could form part solution to antibiotic resistance across broad pathogens.

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to determine the effect high pressure (HP) on inactivation microbial contaminants in Cheddar cheese ( Escherichia coli K-12, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, and Penicillium roqueforti IMI 297987). Initially, slurries inoculated with E. , S. P. were used as a convenient means define effects range pressures temperatures viability these microorganisms. Cheese subjected 50 800 MPa for 20 min at 10, 20, 30°C. At 400 MPa, slurry decreased by >2-log-unit...

We investigated the effect of incremental reduction in fat content, range 33 to 6% (wt/wt), on changes microbiology and proteolysis Cheddar cheese, over a 225-d ripening period at 7°C.A content resulted significant increases contents moisture protein decrease concentration nonfat substance.Reduced had little age-related population starter cells.The populations nonstarter lactic acid bacteria decreased with counts low cheese (6% wt/wt) were significantly lower than those full (33% times >1...

Lantibiotics are post-translationally modified antimicrobial peptides which active at nanomolar concentrations. Some lantibiotics have been shown to function by targeting lipid II, the essential precursor of cell wall biosynthesis. Given that ribosomally synthesized and amenable site-directed mutagenesis, they potential serve as biological templates for production novel with improved functionalities. However, if a rational approach lantibiotic design is be adopted, an appreciation roles each...

As a general rule, ribosomally synthesized polypeptides contain amino acids only in the l -isoform an order dictated by coding DNA/RNA. Two of total four examples to d conversions prokaryotic systems occur posttranslationally modified antimicrobial peptides called lantibiotics. In both (lactocin S and lacticin 3147), encoded -serines are enzymatically converted -alanines, giving rise apparent mistranslation serine codons alanine residues. It has been suggested that this conversion results...

ABSTRACT Lacticin 3147 is a two-peptide (LtnA1 and LtnA2) lantibiotic produced by Lactococcus lactis subsp. DPC3147 has inhibitory activity against all gram-positive microorganisms tested. In this study the specific activities of component peptides (alone or in combination) were determined using L. cremoris HP as target strain. exhibited an MIC 50 7 nM for each peptide (in combination), suggesting stoichiometry 1:1. Interestingly, LtnA1 demonstrated independent activity, with 200 HP....

Lactobacillus plantarum LMG P-26358 isolated from a soft French artisanal cheese produces potent class IIa bacteriocin with 100% homology to plantaricin 423 and bacteriocidal activity against Listeria innocua monocytogenes. The was found be highly stable at temperatures as high 100°C pH ranges 1-10. While this relatively narrow spectrum also exhibited antimicrobial species of enterococci, it did not inhibit dairy starters including lactococci lactobacilli when tested by well diffusion assay...

Summary Nisin A is the most thoroughly investigated member of lantibiotic family antimicrobial peptides. In addition to a long history safe use as food antimicrobial, its activity against multi‐drug resistant pathogens has resulted in renewed interest applying nisin chemotherapeutic treat bacterial infections. The wealth Nisin‐related information that been generated also led development biotechnological capacity engineer novel variants with view improving function and physicochemical...

Bacteriocins are attracting increased attention as an alternative to classic antibiotics in the fight against infectious disease and multidrug resistant pathogens. Bacillus subtilis strain MMA7 isolated from marine sponge Haliclona simulans displays a broad spectrum antimicrobial activity, which includes Gram-positive Gram-negative pathogens, well several pathogenic Candida species. This activity is part associated with newly identified lantibiotic, herein named subtilomycin. The proposed...

ABSTRACT Accumulating evidence suggests that bacteriocin production represents a probiotic trait for intestinal strains to promote dominance, fight infection, and even signal the immune system. In this respect, in previous study, we isolated from porcine intestine strain of Streptococcus hyointestinalis DPC6484 displays antimicrobial activity against wide range Gram-positive bacteria produces with mass 3,453 Da. Interestingly, was also found be nisin-producing strain. Genome sequencing...