Objective: Extant survey measures of subjective response to alcohol, an important risk factor for alcohol problems, query the number drinks experience effects but do not consider how intensely individuals them. We tested whether new intensity effects, alongside “number drinks,” contributed uniquely or interactively in predicting problems. examined associations among these variables with race and sex assigned at birth. Method: Participants (N=246; 18-50 years; 44.3% Black; 55.7% White; 58.4%...

Objective: Extant survey measures of subjective response to alcohol, an important risk factor for alcohol problems, query the number drinks experience effects but do not consider how intensely individuals them. We tested whether new intensity effects, alongside “number drinks,” contributed uniquely or interactively in predicting problems. examined associations among these variables with race and sex assigned at birth. Method: Participants (N=246; 18-50 years; 44.3% Black; 55.7% White; 58.4%...

Background: Loss of control over alcohol use is a component impaired and an important premorbid risk factor for disorder (AUD). Prevailing assessments loss have limitations. For instance, many items imply intentions to limit drinking (e.g., drink more than intended?), which would not be endorsed by individuals who exhibit uncontrolled with no moderate their behavior. Existing also been shown frequently when limits are exceeded non-compulsive social) reasons. Thus, we developed validated...

Childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a known risk factor for later alcohol-related outcomes, such as drinking at young ages or developing alcohol use by adulthood. However, research has yet to determine whether common ADHD-related impairments (e.g., lower educational attainment) in early adulthood play role this outcome above and beyond ADHD symptom persistence. Individuals with (n = 316) without 223) childhood participated longitudinal study (Mage 29). diagnoses were...

Abstract We contribute to the literature on relations of temperament externalizing and internalizing problems by considering parental emotional expressivity child gender as moderators such examining prediction pure co-occurring problem behaviors during early middle adolescence using bifactor models (which provide unique continuous factors for problems). Parents teachers reported children's (4.5- 8-year-olds; N = 214) adolescents’ (6 years later; 168) effortful control, impulsivity, anger,...

Effortful control is associated with fewer aggressive‐antisocial behaviors ( AAB ) and depressive symptoms DEP ), but impulsivity may moderate these relations. However, few researchers have considered the effects of ‐ co‐occurrence. A multi‐informant, multimethod approach assessed 5‐ to 10‐year‐olds’ effortful and, 5–6 years later, their N = 474). Participants were non‐Hispanic Caucasian (59.2%) or Hispanic (27.9%) from a Southwestern U.S. metropolitan area. Low predicted pure . low...

Abstract Deviance proneness models propose a multilevel interplay in which transactions among genetic, individual, and family risk factors place children at increased for substance use. We examined bidirectional between impulsivity conflict from middle childhood to adolescence their contributions use emerging adulthood ( n = 380). Moreover, we children's, mothers’, fathers’ polygenic scores behavioral undercontrol, mothers’ interparental disorder diagnoses as predictors of these...

Abstract Parental monitoring can buffer the effect of deviant peers on adolescents’ substance use by reducing affiliation with substance‐using peers. However, children's genetic predispositions may evoke poorer monitoring, contributing to negative child outcomes. We examined evocative genotype‐environment correlations underlying predisposition for behavioral undercontrol and parental in early adolescence via impulsivity middle childhood, influence a year half later ( n = 359). Genetic was...

Unique pathways to adolescents' co-occurring internalizing/externalizing problems, a severe and common form of psychopathology, remain poorly delineated; this paucity knowledge impedes the development personalized interventions. We examined established measures genetic risk early childhood temperamental dimensions clarify potentially distinct problems. Participants were drawn from longitudinal randomized controlled trial family-based intervention. The study employed multiple informants...

Abstract This study examined the interplay between influence of peers who promote alcohol use and μ-opioid receptor M1 ( OPRM1 ) genetic variation in intergenerational transmission disorder (AUD) symptoms while separating “traitlike” components AUD from their age-specific manifestations at three ages emerging adulthood (17–23 years) to (29–40 years). The results for males were consistent with genetically influenced peer selection mechanisms as mediators parent alcoholism effects. Male...

Serotonin (5-HT) functioning is associated with alcohol problems. However, the mechanisms underlying this association remain unclear. The current study tested whether five separate dimensions of impulsivity (UPPS-P) mediated relation between a polygenic score indexing 5-HT and problems any these paths were moderated by age. Results showed that predicted indirectly through negative urgency, but not other facet impulsivity. also directly No age moderation was found. Findings suggest urgency...

Although conduct problems (CP) and hyperactivity/attention (HAP) are thought to covary with regularity, few studies have traced the probability of co-occurring CP HAP longitudinally, particularly beginning in toddler period. Further, there is little research examining how early trajectories predict functioning across several domains through late adolescence adulthood. Using a cohort 284 low-income boys, we examined whether separate developmental overt symptomatology from ages 2 10 relate...

We evaluated whether initiating the Family Check-Up (FCU) during early childhood prevented a severe form of psychopathology in adolescence-co-occurring internalizing and externalizing problems-and effects operated indirectly through maternal depression parents' positive behavior support.Participants were drawn from randomized controlled trial FCU (50.2% FCU; 49.5% girls; 46.6% Caucasian, 27.6% Black; 13.4% Hispanic/Latino). At Ages 2 3, mothers self-reported depression, primary caregivers'...

This study used two waves of data to investigate pathways through which adolescents' response inhibition related later externalizing problems. A polygenic risk score indexed genetic for poor inhibition. Adolescents' performance on a task mediated the relation between scores and mother's inconsistent parenting (i.e., evocative rGE ), even after controlling mothers' passive ). Mothers' subsequently prospectively predicted also behaviors. These findings were subgroup‐specific, with greater...

This study is a secondary data analysis that extends knowledge about the effects of early childhood Family Check-Up (FCU) intervention to trajectories general psychopathology problems (p factor) across and middle childhood, on adolescent polydrug use. The Early Steps Multisite (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT00538252) randomized controlled trial FCU consists large, racially ethnically diverse sample children who grew up in low-income households Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Eugene, Oregon;...

Background Delay discounting is a potential etiological factor in adolescents' alcohol use, making it important to understand its antecedents. Family disorganization might contribute delay discounting, but few studies have tested this relation. Moreover, because heritable, the effects of family on be moderated by genetic risk for discounting. Thus, current study examined role disorganization, interaction with risk, predicting and subsequent use. Methods Adolescents participated 4 waves data...

Background Attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder ( ADHD ) is associated with greater heavy alcohol use and depressive symptoms in adulthood. Yet, few studies have investigated whether childhood predicts an increased association between drinking depression adulthood when this co‐occurrence becomes more common. We examined associations among longitudinally from ages 21 to 29 these differed for those or without , as well persistent Methods Data were the Pittsburgh Longitudinal Study, a...

Children's effortful control and impulsivity are important predictors of the personality trait, ego resiliency (i.e., resiliency). Most researchers have not considered fact that share substantial conceptual empirical overlap, yet they also been shown to be distinct. We tested a bifactor model characterize their shared unique variance, prospective prediction by factors model, moderation sex age.

Objective: This study examined how effort to regulate alcohol use may interact with anxiety and affective disorders influence long-term remission from dependence.

Abstract The current study used data from two longitudinal samples to test whether self-regulation, depressive symptoms, and aggression/antisociality were mediators in the relation between a polygenic score indexing serotonin (5-HT) functioning alcohol use adolescence. results an independent genome-wide association of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid cerebrospinal fluid create 5-HT risk scores. Adolescents and/or parents reported on adolescents’ self-regulation (Time 1), symptoms 2), 3). showed...