A5035732782- Advanced X-ray Imaging Techniques
- Material Dynamics and Properties
- Advanced Electron Microscopy Techniques and Applications
- X-ray Spectroscopy and Fluorescence Analysis
- Particle Accelerators and Free-Electron Lasers
- Spectroscopy and Quantum Chemical Studies
- Phase Equilibria and Thermodynamics
- Crystallography and Radiation Phenomena
- Theoretical and Computational Physics
- Force Microscopy Techniques and Applications
- Surfactants and Colloidal Systems
- High-pressure geophysics and materials
- Nuclear Physics and Applications
- Liquid Crystal Research Advancements
- Diamond and Carbon-based Materials Research
- X-ray Diffraction in Crystallography
- Laser-Plasma Interactions and Diagnostics
- Enzyme Structure and Function
- Electron and X-Ray Spectroscopy Techniques
- Quantum, superfluid, helium dynamics
- Laser-Matter Interactions and Applications
- Superconducting Materials and Applications
- Advanced X-ray and CT Imaging
- Electrohydrodynamics and Fluid Dynamics
- Plant Water Relations and Carbon Dynamics
European X-Ray Free-Electron Laser
2016-2025
Hugin Expert (Denmark)
2024
Aalborg University
2024
The University of Tokyo
2021
European Synchrotron Radiation Facility
2003-2012
Elkhorn Slough Foundation
2009
Bulgarian Academy of Sciences
2009
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
2009
Université de Lorraine
2009
Laboratoire Énergies et Mécanique Théorique et Appliquée
2009
European XFEL is a free-electron laser (FEL) user facility providing soft and hard X-ray FEL radiation to initially six scientific instruments. Starting operation in fall 2017 will provide new research opportunities users from science domains as diverse physics, chemistry, geo- planetary sciences, materials sciences or biology. The unique feature of the provision high average brilliance regime, combined with pulse properties extreme peak intensities, femtosecond duration degree coherence....
We discuss the complex dynamics in condensed matter studied with x-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (XPCS) which non-exponential functions and dispersion relations deviating from simple diffusion law are observed. Results presented for two systems whose characterized by compressed, faster-than-exponential associated hyper-diffusive motion. In first case, microscopic response of an aerogel following sectioning is investigated. second, out-of-equilibrium a dense colloidal gel recovering...
After size-selection and osmotic pressure measurements at fixed ionic strength, the behavior of aqueous colloidal suspensions anisotropic disklike beidellite clay particles has been investigated by combining optical observations under polarized light, rheological, small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) experiments. The obtained phase diagrams (volume fraction/ionic strength) reveal, for strength below 10−3 M/L, a first-order isotropic/nematic (I/N) transition before gel formation low volume...
A structural understanding of whole cells in three dimensions at high spatial resolution remains a significant challenge and, the case X-rays, has been limited by radiation damage. By alleviating this limitation, cryogenic coherent diffractive imaging (cryo-CDI) can principle be used to bridge important gap between optical and electron microscopy bio-imaging. Here, first experimental demonstration cryo-CDI for quantitative three-dimensional frozen-hydrated using 8 keV X-rays is reported. As...
Resonant oscillators with stable frequencies and large quality factors help us to keep track of time high precision. Examples range from quartz crystal in wristwatches atomic clocks, which are, at present, our most precise measurement devices1. The search for more convenient reference is continuing2-6. Nuclear are better than because their naturally higher resilience against external perturbations7-9. One the promising cases an ultra-narrow nuclear resonance transition 45Sc between ground...
The dynamic properties of nanoparticles suspended in a supercooled glass forming liquid are studied by x-ray photon correlation spectroscopy. While at high temperatures the particles undergo Brownian motion measurements closer to transition indicate hyperdiffusive behavior. In this state dynamics is independent local structural arrangement nanoparticles, suggesting cooperative behavior governed near-vitreous solvent.
X-ray diffraction microscopy (XDM) is well suited for nondestructive, high-resolution biological imaging, especially thick samples, with the high penetration power of x rays and without limitations imposed by a lens. We developed nonvacuum, cryogenic (cryo-) XDM hard at 8 keV report first frozen-hydrated imaging XDM. By preserving samples in amorphous ice, risk artifacts associated dehydration or chemical fixation avoided, ensuring condition closest to their natural state. The reconstruction...
We report X-ray Photon Correlation Spectroscopy (XPCS) results on a bidimensional (2D) gel formed by Langmuir monolayer of gold nanoparticles. The system allows an experimental determination the fourth order time correlation function which is compared to usual second functions and mechanical response measured macroscopic scale. observed dynamics anisotropic, heterogeneous super-diffusive nanoscale. Different scales, associated with fast inside 2D cages slower motion larger parts film, can be...
The Materials Imaging and Dynamics (MID) instrument at the European X-ray Free-Electron Laser (EuXFEL) facility is described. EuXFEL first hard free-electron laser operating in MHz repetition range which provides novel science opportunities. aim of MID to enable studies nano-structured materials, liquids, soft- hard-condensed matter using bright beams generated by EuXFEL. Particular emphasis on structure dynamics materials coherent scattering imaging X-rays. Commission started end 2018...
Abstract High-resolution X-ray spectroscopy in the sub-nanosecond to femtosecond time range requires ultrashort pulses and a spectral flux considerably larger than that presently available. free-electron laser (XFEL) radiation from hard self-seeding (HXRSS) setups has been demonstrated past offers necessary peak properties. So far, these systems could not provide high repetition rates enabling average flux. We report results for cascaded HXRSS system installed at European XFEL, currently...
The liquid-to-solid phase transition is a complex process that difficult to investigate experimentally with sufficient spatial and temporal resolution. A key aspect of the formation critical seed crystalline in supercooled liquid, is, liquid metastable state below melting temperature. This stochastic commonly described within framework classical nucleation theory, but accurate tests theory atomic molecular liquids are challenging. Here, we employ femtosecond x-ray diffraction from...
In the dynamic and complex environment of industrial control rooms, operators are often inundated with numerous tasks alerts, leading to a state known as task overload. This condition can result in decision fatigue increased reliance on cognitive biases, which may compromise decision-making process. To mitigate these risks, implementation support systems (DSSs) is essential. These designed aid making swift, well-informed decisions, especially when their judgment be faltering. Our research...
Slow, nonequilibrium dynamics during delayed sedimentation in a colloidal depletion gel was studied by x-ray photon correlation spectroscopy. The intermediate scattering functions change the process from stretched to compressed exponential decays, indicating jamming transition toward full aging. A complex aging behavior follows this process; it is proposed that large-scale network deformations trigger an unjamming, leading final collapse of gel.
An unexpected dichotomic long time aging behaviour is observed in a glassy colloidal clay suspension investigated by X-Ray Photon Correlation Spectroscopy and Dynamic Light Scattering. In the regime intensity autocorrelations are non-exponential, following Kohlrausch-Williams-Watts functional form with exponent bQ. We show that for spontaneously aged samples stretched (β_Q < 1) always found. Surprisingly compressed > appears only when system rejuvenated application of shear field. both...
A hard X-ray Split-and-Delay Line (SDL) under construction for the Materials Imaging and Dynamics station at European X-Ray Free-Electron Laser (XFEL) is presented. This device aims providing pairs of pulses with a variable time delay ranging from −10 ps to 800 in photon energy range 5 10 keV correlation pump-probe experiments. custom designed mechanical motion system including active feedback control ensures that high demands stability accuracy can be met design goals achieved. Using...
This study explores the possibility of measuring dynamics proteins in solution using X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (XPCS) at nearly diffraction-limited storage rings (DLSRs). We calculate signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) XPCS experiments from a concentrated lysozyme length scale hydrodynamic radius protein molecule. take into account limitations given by critical dose and find expressions for SNR as function beam size, sample-to-detector distance energy. Specifically, we show that...
Dynamics and kinetics in soft matter physics, biology, nanoscience frequently occur on fast (sub)microsecond but not ultrafast timescales which are difficult to probe experimentally. The European X-ray Free-Electron Laser (European XFEL), a megahertz hard source, enables such experiments via taking series of diffraction patterns at repetition rates up 4.5 MHz. Here, we demonstrate photon correlation spectroscopy (XPCS) with submicrosecond time resolution samples the XFEL. We show that XFEL...
X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) have opened up unprecedented opportunities for time-resolved nano-scale imaging with X-rays. Near-field propagation-based imaging, and in particular near-field holography (NFH) its high-resolution implementation cone-beam geometry, can offer full-field views of a specimen's dynamics captured by single XFEL pulses. To exploit this capability, example optical-pump/X-ray-probe schemes, the stochastic nature self-amplified spontaneous emission pulses, i.e. beam...
Abstract Cavitation bubbles can be seeded from a plasma following optical breakdown, by focusing an intense laser in water. The fast dynamics are associated with extreme states of gas and liquid, especially the nascent state. This offers unique setting to probe water vapor far-from equilibrium. However, current techniques cannot quantify these early due contrast resolution limitations. X-ray holography single free-electron pulses has now enabled quasi-instantaneous high structural...
X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) with megahertz repetition rate can provide novel insights into structural dynamics of biological macromolecule solutions. However, very high dose rates lead to beam-induced and changes due radiation damage. Here, we probe the dense antibody protein (Ig-PEG) solutions using photon correlation spectroscopy (MHz-XPCS) at European XFEL. By varying total rate, identify a regime for measuring motion proteins in their first coordination shell, quantify...
We demonstrate that x-ray fluorescence emission, which cannot maintain a stationary interference pattern, can be used to obtain images of structures by recording photon-photon correlations in the manner stellar intensity interferometry Hanbury Brown and Twiss. This is achieved utilizing femtosecond-duration pulses hard free-electron laser generate emission exposures comparable coherence time fluorescence. Iterative phasing photon correlation map generated model-free real-space image...
Modern synchrotron radiation (SR) sources have dramatically fostered the use of SR-based X-ray imaging. The relevant information such as density, chemical composition, states, structure, and crystallographic perfection is mapped in two, or, increasingly, three dimensions. development nano-science requires pushing spatial resolution down towards nanoscale. present article describes a selection hard imaging microanalysis techniques that emerged over last few years, by taking advantage flux...
X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (XPCS) was employed to measure the time-dependent intermediate scattering function in an organic molecular glass former. Slow translational dynamics were probed glassy state and functions calculated from two-dimensional speckle patterns recorded by a CCD detector. The image frames analysed using droplet algorithm together with event scheme. This method provides results analogous standard intensity algorithms but is much faster, hence addressing recurrent...
We use time-resolved momentum microscopy at a free-electron laser (FEL) and extend orbital tomography into the time domain to image electronic wave functions of excited molecular orbitals. This technique provides unprecedented insight ultrafast interplay between structural dynamics. In this work we prove general applicability establish experimental conditions FEL sources minimize space charge effects radiation damage. investigate bilayer pentacene film on Ag(110) by optical pump probe...