Abstract This study aimed to establish the psychometric properties of parent ratings on Chinese version Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham IV scale (SNAP‐IV) in a school‐based sample 3534 students grades 1 8 from two cities suburbs Taiwan 189 children diagnosed with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (aged 6 15) consecutively recruited medical center Taipei. Parents completed versions SNAP‐IV, Strengths Difficulties Questionnaire, Child Behavior Checklist. The SNAP‐IV demonstrated...

Adolescent eveningness is associated with age, parental monitoring, daytime sleepiness, sleep problems, moodiness, and the use of coffee. This study investigated association between adolescent morningness-eveningness psychopathology, substance use, suicidality in 1332 students ages 12 to 13. Each student-participant completed Chinese version Child Morningness/Eveningness Scale (CMES), Pubertal Development Scale, a questionnaire about their schedule, trouble sleeping, habitual suicidality....

Background: Little is known about executive functions among unaffected siblings of children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and there lack such information from non‐Western countries. We examined verbal nonverbal in adolescents ADHD, controls to test whether could be potential endophenotypes for ADHD. Methods: assessed 279 (age range: 11–17 years) a childhood diagnosis DSM‐IV 136 biological (108 unaffected, 79.4%), 173 by using psychiatric interviews, the Wechsler...

Objectives: The aims of the present study were to examine current psychiatric comorbidity among children and adolescents with without persistent attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) as compared school controls, determine factors predicting comorbidity. Method: sample included 296 patients (male, 85.5%), aged 11–17, who diagnosed DSM-IV ADHD at mean age 6.7 ± 2.7 years 185 controls. other diagnoses made based on clinical assessments confirmed by interviews. group was categorized...

This study aimed to investigate the association between attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms and subtypes, sleep schedules, daytime inadvertent napping, problems/disorders in children adolescents with without ADHD. The sample included 325 patients ADHD, aged 10–17 years [male: 81.5%; combined type (ADHD-C): 174; predominantly inattentive (ADHD-I): 130; hyperactive-impulsive (ADHD-HI): 21], 257 lifetime ADHD (non-ADHD). We conducted psychiatric interviews participants...

Chronotye is associated with age, sex, personality, and parental monitoring during childhood. The evening type poor school performance, sleep problems, anxious/depressive symptoms, tobacco smoking, caffeine consumption, alcohol drinking, suicidality in adolescents. present study tested the relationships between chronotype a wide range of psychopathology personality traits among 2919 incoming undergraduate students. Each participant completed self-administered questionnaire that included...

Background Impaired executive function (EF) is suggested to be one of the core features in individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD); however, little known about whether extent worse EF ASD than typically developing (TD) controls age-dependent. We used age-stratified analysis reveal this issue. Method assessed 111 youths (aged 12.5 ± 2.8 years, male 94.6%) and 114 age-, sex-matched TD Digit Span four tasks Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB): Spatial (SSP),...

The heterogeneity of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit hyperactivity (ADHD) preclude definitive identification neurobiomarkers biological risks. High clinical overlap suggests multifaceted circuit-level alterations across diagnoses, which remains elusive. This study investigated whether individuals with ADHD or ASD their unaffected siblings constitute a neurodevelopmental conditions in terms white matter etiology.Sex-specific tract normative development was modeled from...

Summary The aim of this study was to examine the effect age, gender and perinatal risk factors on risks for sleep problems, investigate relation between childhood problems children's behavioral syndromes parental mental distress in early middle childhood. We recruited a representative sample 1391 children, ages 4–9, from nine kindergartens three elementary schools by using multistage sampling method. Parents child participants completed questionnaire including factors, habits Child Behavior...

Background An uneven neurocognitive profile is a hallmark of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Studies focusing on the visual memory performance in ASD have shown controversial results. We investigated and sustained attention youths with typically developing (TD) youths. Method recruited 143 pairs (males 93.7%; mean age 13.1, s.d. 3.5 years) age- sex-matched TD The group consisted 67 autistic (autism) 76 Asperger's (AS) based DSM-IV criteria. They were assessed using Cambridge...

To examine the psychometric properties of Chinese version Swanson, Nolan and Pelham IV Scale (SNAP-IV)-Teacher Form.The sample included a representative 3,653 first to eighth graders (boys, 52.3%) 190 children diagnosed with ADHD (aged 6-15). Teachers completed versions SNAP-IV, Strengths Difficulties Questionnaire.The confirmatory factor analysis revealed four-factor structure (inattention, hyperactivity, impulsivity, opposition) an adequate fit (Comparative Fit Index = 0.990; root mean...

Atomoxetine is efficacious in reducing symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) but its effect on executive functions needs more investigation. We examined the atomoxetine a wide range non-verbal among 30 drug-naive male patients with DSM-IV ADHD, aged 8–16 yr, an open-label 12-wk treatment trial. Before administration atomoxetine, participants were assessed by psychiatric interviews, WISC-III, and tasks involving Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery...

Background Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is recognized as an early-onset neuropsychiatric with executive dysfunctions and neurobiological deficits. The authors compared functions microstructural integrity of the frontostriatal circuit in children ADHD typically developing children. Method We assessed 25 age-, sex-, handedness- intelligence-matched by using psychiatric interviews, Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children – third edition, tasks involving Cambridge...

Comparative gene expression profiling analysis is useful in discovering differentially expressed genes associated with various diseases, including mental disorders. Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are a group of complex childhood-onset neurodevelopmental and genetic characterized by deficits language development verbal communication, impaired reciprocal social interaction, the presence repetitive behaviors or restricted interests. The study aimed to identify novel pathogenesis ASD.We...

Background The relationship between white-matter tracts and executive functions (EF) in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has not been well studied previous studies mainly focused on frontostriatal (FS) tracts. authors explored the microstructural property of several fibre hypothesized to be involved EF, correlate their with explore whether such associations differ ADHD typically developing (TD) youths. Method We assessed 45 youths individually matched TD a computerized test...

Results regarding the effects of methylphenidate and atomoxetine on executive functions were inconsistent no study has directly compared efficacy these two medications in improving adults with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We conducted an 8-10 wk, open-label, head-to-head, randomized clinical trial involving a diagnosis ADHD confirmed by psychiatric interview. The treatment arms immediate-release (IR-methylphenidate) (n = 31) once daily 32). Executive assessed Cambridge...

Patients with Alzheimers disease (AD) exhibit progressive memory loss, depression, and anxiety. accompanied by impaired adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN). Recent studies have pointed out that stimulation of the suprachiasmatic nucleus hypothalamus (SuM) enhances AHN in two different AD mouse models (53FAD 33Tg-AD). additional chemical gene activation SuM new-born neurons (ABNs), restoring emotional deficits these mice. However, exact cause improvement cognitive performance mice is not...

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety once-daily atomoxetine compared with placebo in pediatric patients attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) Taiwan. Method: sample included 106 aged 6–16 years who met Diagnostic Statistical Manual Mental Disorders, 4th edition (DSM-IV) criteria ADHD randomly assigned once daily (n = 72) 34) a double-blind, 6-week treatment study. primary measure total score Rating Scale-IV Parents Version: Investigator...

Background Increased intra-individual variability (IIV) in reaction time (RT) across various tasks is one ubiquitous neuropsychological finding attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, neurobiological underpinnings of IIV individuals with ADHD have not yet been fully delineated. The ex-Gaussian distribution has proved to capture RT. authors explored the three parameters [ μ (mu), σ (sigma), τ (tau)] an RT derived from Conners' continuous performance test (CCPT) and their...

Background Methylphenidate and atomoxetine are commonly prescribed for treating attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, their therapeutic neural mechanisms remain unclear. Method After baseline evaluation including cognitive testing of the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB), drug-naive children with ADHD ( n = 46), aged 7–17 years, were randomly assigned to a 12-week treatment methylphenidate 22) or 24). Intrinsic brain activity, fractional...

Background Executive functions have been proposed as endophenotypes for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD); however, data regarding visual memory are lacking. We therefore assessed in adolescents with ADHD and their unaffected siblings compared controls. Method The participants included 279 ADHD, 108 siblings, 173 school They were by using the tasks of Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB): Delayed Matching to Sample (DMS), Spatial Recognition Memory...