A5028951662- Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
- Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics
- Mental Health Research Topics
- Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Eating Disorders and Behaviors
- Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Advanced Neuroimaging Techniques and Applications
- Health Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of Life
- Pancreatitis Pathology and Treatment
- Receptor Mechanisms and Signaling
- Neural dynamics and brain function
- Pancreatic and Hepatic Oncology Research
- Bone Metabolism and Diseases
- Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Neonatal Respiratory Health Research
- Auditing, Earnings Management, Governance
- Gut microbiota and health
- Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia Studies
- Catalytic Cross-Coupling Reactions
- Neurofibromatosis and Schwannoma Cases
- Visual perception and processing mechanisms
University of Göttingen
2022-2024
The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center
2023
Indiana University Bloomington
2023
Northeastern University
2022
Vanderbilt University
2014-2021
Wayne State University
2020
University of Rochester
2018
University of California, Berkeley
2012-2015
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
2012-2015
Tufts Medical Center
2014
Attentional processing has been associated with the dorsal attention, default mode, and frontoparietal control networks. The attention network is involved in externally focused whereas mode internally directed attention. proposed to mediate transition between external internal by coupling its activity either or network, depending on attentional demand. Dopamine hypothesized modulate linked integrity of these three attention-related We used PET 6-[<sup>18</sup>F]fluoro-L-m-tyrosine quantify...
Every day, humans make countless decisions that require the integration of information about potential benefits (i.e. rewards) with other decision features effort required, probability an outcome or time delays). Here, we examine overlap and dissociation behavioral preferences neural representations subjective value in context three different (physical effort, delays) a healthy adult life span sample. While undergoing functional neuroimaging, participants (N = 75) made incentive compatible...
Spontaneous eye blink rate (EBR) has been proposed as a noninvasive, inexpensive marker of dopamine functioning. Support for relation between EBR and function comes from observations that is altered in populations with dysfunction changes under dopaminergic manipulation. However, the evidence across literature inconsistent incomplete. A direct correlation so far observed only nonhuman animals. Given significant interest using proxy function, this study aimed to verify association healthy,...
The relatively modest spatial resolution of positron emission tomography (PET) increases the likelihood partial volume effects such that binding potential (BP ND ) may be underestimated. Given structural grey matter losses across adulthood, even more problematic in older age leading to overestimation adult differences. Here we examined correction (PVC) two studies from different sites using high-affinity D2-like radioligands (18 F-Fallypride, 11C-FLB457) and PET camera resolutions (∼5 mm,...
Abstract Theories of adult brain development, based on neuropsychological test results and structural neuroimaging, suggest differential rates age‐related change in function across cortical subcortical sub‐regions. However, it remains unclear if these trends also extend to the aging dopamine system. Here we examined cross‐sectional age differences estimates D2‐like receptor binding potential several regions using PET imaging radiotracer [ 18 F]Fallypride two samples healthy human adults...
Objective Early disease prediction is challenging in acute pancreatitis (AP). Here, we prospectively investigate whether the microbiome predicts severity of AP (Pancreatitis—Microbiome As Predictor Severity; P-MAPS) early at hospital admission. Design Buccal and rectal microbial swabs were collected from 424 patients with within 72 hours admission 15 European centres. All samples sequenced by full-length 16S rRNA metagenomic sequencing using Oxford Nanopore Technologies. Primary endpoint was...
Abstract Background Osteoclasts are the tissue-specific macrophage population of bone and unique in their bone-resorbing activity. Hence, they fundamental for physiology health disease. However, efficient protocols isolation study primary human osteoclasts scarce. In this study, we aimed to establish a protocol, which enables differentiation functional from monocytes. Results Human monocytes were isolated through double-density gradient donor blood. Compared standard schemes polystyrene cell...
It is often assumed that the promise of a monetary bonus improves cognitive control. We show in fact appetitive motivation can also impair control, depending on baseline levels dopamine-synthesis capacity striatum. These data not only demonstrate have paradoxical detrimental effects for control but provide mechanistic account these effects.
Cognitive flexibility or the ability to change behavior in response external cues is conceptualized as two processes: one for shifting between perceptual features of objects and another abstract rules governing selection these objects. Object rule shifts are believed engage distinct anatomical structures functional processes. Dopamine activity has been associated with cognitive flexibility, but patients dopaminergic deficits not impaired on all tasks assessing suggesting that dopamine may...
INTRODUCTION: The pathophysiology underlying cyclic vomiting syndrome (CVS) remains undefined. Scant data and distinct clinical features point to altered autonomic nervous system function. Autonomic signaling can be noninvasively assessed through cardiac indices of parasympathetic vagal regulation, which is reduced in children with disorders gut-brain interaction. We aimed examine dynamic regulation CVS compared that healthy controls (HC). METHODS: A total 31 evaluated a tertiary care center...
Converging evidence links individual differences in mesolimbic and mesocortical dopamine (DA) to variation the tendency choose immediate rewards (“ Now”) over larger, delayed Later”), or “ Now bias.” However, date, no study of healthy young adults has evaluated relationship between bias DA with positron emission tomography (PET). Sixteen (ages 24–34 yr; 50% women) completed a delay-discounting task that quantified aspects intertemporal reward choice, including magnitude sensitivity....
Dopamine function is broadly implicated in multiple neuropsychiatric conditions believed to have a genetic basis. Although few positron emission tomography (PET) studies investigated the impact of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) dopamine D2 receptor gene (DRD2) on D2/3 availability (binding potential, BPND), these often been limited by small sample size. Furthermore, most commonly studied SNP BPND (Taq1A) not located DRD2 itself, suggesting that its linkage with other SNPs may explain...
Some people are more willing to make immediate, risky, or costly reward-focused choices than others, which has been hypothesized be associated with individual differences in dopamine (DA) function. In two studies using PET imaging, one empirical (Study 1: N = 144 males and females across 3 samples) meta-analytic 2: 307 12 samples), we sought characterize associations between DA time, probability, physical effort discounting human adults. Study 1 demonstrated that D2-like receptors were not...
Abstract Impulsivity is a transdiagnostic feature of range externalizing psychiatric disorders. Preclinical work links reduced ventral striatal dopamine transporter (DAT) availability with heightened impulsivity and novelty seeking. However, there lack human data investigating the relationship between DAT availability, particularly in subregions striatum, personality traits Here we collected PET measures (BP ND ) using tracer 18 F-FE-PE2I 47 healthy adult subjects examined relations BP...
Abstract The process by which the value of delayed rewards is discounted varies from person to person. It has been suggested that these individual differences in subjective valuation are supported mesolimbic dopamine D2-like receptors (D2Rs) ventral striatum. However, no study date documented an association between direct measures and neural representations humans. Here, we examined whether D2R availability were related signals during decision making. Human participants completed a monetary...
To date, few studies have explored the neurochemical mechanisms supporting individual differences in food preference humans. Here we investigate how dorsal striatal dopamine, as measured by positron emission tomography (PET) tracer [18F]fluorometatyrosine (FMT), correlates with food-related decision-making, well body mass index (BMI) 16 healthy-weight to moderately obese individuals. We find that lower PET FMT dopamine synthesis binding potential higher BMI, greater for perceived "healthy"...