A 2 in. diam single crystal of lithium tetraborate (Li2B4O7) was successfully grown by the Czochralski method. The free from macrodefects and had a dislocation density as low 100/cm2. It an excellent homogeneity refractive index wide transparency down to 170 nm. optical damage threshold 40 GW/cm2. Second-harmonic generation sum frequency were investigated in association with fourth fifth harmonics Q-switched Nd:YAG laser. conversion efficiency second-harmonic green (532 nm) light 20%.

This paper presents advanced techniques to determine all independent elastic-stiffness coefficients C/sub ij/, the associated internal friction Q/sub ij//sup -1/, and piezoelectric e/sub ij/ of monocrystal langasite (La/sub 3/Ga/sub 5/SiO/sub 14/) using a single rectangular parallelepiped specimen. Langasite's crystal structure belongs trigonal system with point group 32, thus possesses six two dielectric /spl epsiv//sub ij/. All elastic affect mechanical resonance frequencies solid...

We study the boron-oxygen defect in Si co-doped with gallium and boron hole density 10 times higher than concentration. Instead of linear dependence on observed phosphorus compensated silicon, we find a proportionality to This indicates participation substitutional, rather interstitial, complex. The measured formation rate constant is proportional squared, which gives credit latent models against reactions limited by diffusion trapping oxygen dimers atoms.

Control of the nucleation rate is important for growth high quality protein crystals; therefore, development improved methods required. Crystal with an external electric field attractive method control rate. However, mainly a decrease in was observed when applied using DC voltage. By focusing on chemical potential liquid and solid, both increase successfully achieved by applying AC field. terms enhancement retardation reported hen-egg white lysozyme crystals imposition varying frequencies,...

We investigate and characterize the newly grown crystal Li2B4O7 which is transparent down to 160 nm for nonlinear optical conversion into vacuum ultraviolet using sum frequency mixing with femtosecond pulses. This material exhibits excellent properties below 180 makes possible generation of wavelengths 170 an all solid state laser system. The most important advantage in this spectral range turns out be possibility utilizing noncritical phase matching maximized effective nonlinearity....

We have successfully grown Nd 3+ -doped gadolinium vanadate ( Nd:GdVO 4 ) single crystals by a modified Czochralski method in which high temperature gradient was maintained at the interface during growth. Step faceting occurred crystal growth and cause of is discussed relation to conditions. Laser diode (LD) pumped laser oscillations were demonstrated. The showed superior lasing properties Nd:YVO Nd:YAG crystals.

The propagation characteristics of Rayleigh waves on a Y -rotated La 3 Ga 5 SiO 14 (langasite) substrate are evaluated with the use newly obtained material constants. calculated phase velocity, power flow angle (PFA), coupling electromechanical coefficient (K 2 ), temperature delay (TCD) and diffraction (γ) shown as contour maps. revised numerical calculations were in much better agreement experimental results langasite Euler (0°, 140°, φ). Moreover, function metal thickness experimentally...

A wireless surface acoustic wave (SAW) temperature sensor was produced using langasite single crystal as a piezoelectric substrate. The properties of both solid-electrode and split-electrode interdigital transducers (IDTs) were studied by fitting the admittance curves. miniature antenna used impedance matching technique between IDT investigated. characteristic in range 20–700°C measured. results showed that SAW chip functioned this range.

The effective solute partitioning of chromium was investigated on single crystals LiNbO3 grown by the laser-heated pedestal growth (LHPG) technique. Electric field effects at interface influence this partitioning, leading to an electric field-dependent distribution coefficient, kE. LHPG technique made it possible explore these controllably changing velocity (V) and temperature gradient (GS, GL) near over a wide range. generated via is associated with thermoelectric power while additional...

The thermodynamic and kinetic behavior of LiNbO3 melts has been studied experimentally by differential thermal analysis (DTA). Theoretical modeling carried out for three cases the predicted results matched to experimental data: (1) melt contains only one species no chemical reactions are present during heating cooling, (2) a dissociation/recombination reaction occurs between Li2O+Nb2O5 (3) seven with both dissociation ionization occuring form additional Li+, LiO-, Nb2O4V2+O, O2-. best fit,...

The nucleation rate of tetragonal hen egg white (HEW) lysozyme crystals could be increased or decreased via application an ac electric field, which modifies the chemical potential liquid and solid states. strength external field necessary to control was calculated 104−105 V/cm, larger than that used experimentally by 2 3 orders magnitude. This huge discrepancy understood assuming presence a very large sustained in double layer (EDL) forms at interface between dissimilar phases. By changing...

The defect structures of impurity-doped congruent lithium niobates (c-LN) were determined for impurities with various valences, including divalent, trivalent, and tetravalent impurities, in a concentration range where antisite niobium (NbLi) exists. On the basis “Li site vacancy model,” six kinds c-LN are possible. Using thermodynamic constraints, these can be narrowed down to two kinds. first structure is that which vacancies Nb exist as defects Li no (structure A), described {[LiLi]...

X-ray diffraction rocking-curve measurements were performed on tetragonal hen egg white lysozyme (HEWL) crystals grown with and without application of an external alternating current (AC) electric field, then the crystal quality was assessed by FWHMs each profile. The for HEWL field smaller than those without. In particular, average FWHM 12 0 reflection (0.0034°) significantly that (0.0061°). This indicates improved AC field. crystallization technique can be expected to enhance resolution...

We previously reported that giant crystal enantiomeric excess (CEE) can be obtained when sodium chlorate (NaClO3) chiral crystallization from a solution is induced by the excitation of localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) Au triangle trimer nanostructure circularly polarized laser. However, role LSPR in CEE remains unclear. In this work, we showed, finite-difference time-domain analysis plasmonic near-field, magnitude optical gradient force originating strong superchiral near-field at...

Communication tests in radiotelegraphy and radiotelephony on half-meter waves are described. The first section of the paper is devoted to description a new type receiver for 40-80-cm waves. Experimental results given show action this receiver. It pointed out that sort regenerative amplifying accompanies detection such extremely short waves, brief explanation given. next contains experiments transmitter, with special regard modulation system. In latter portion paper, actual communication...