Flagellar beating drives sperm through the female reproductive tract and is vital for reproduction. waves are generated by thousands of asymmetric molecular components; yet, paradoxically, forward swimming arises via symmetric side-to-side flagellar movement. This led to preponderance control hypotheses. However, asymmetries must still dictate flagellum be manifested in beat. Here, we reconcile microscopic observations, reconnecting structure function, showing that human uses anisotropic...

Sperm motility is essential for fertilization. The asymmetry of flagellar beat in spermatozoa finely regulated by intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i). Recently, we demonstrated that the application high concentrations (10–20 μM) Ca2+ ionophore A23187 promotes sperm immobilization after 10 min, and its removal thereafter allows recovery, hyperactivation, In addition, same treatment overcomes infertility observed from Catsper1−/−, Slo3−/−, Adcy10−/−, but not PMCA4−/−, which strongly...

A phenomenological study of the mercury beating heart system in a three electrode electrochemical cell configuration forced with harmonic perturbation is presented. The controlled via potentiostat, where drop electrically connected to platinum wire and acts as working electrode. This exhibits geometrical shapes complex surface structures when signal superimposed potential. involves wide range frequencies amplitudes forcing signal. Differents levels structure complexity are observed function...

Head rotation in human spermatozoa is essential for different swimming modes and fertilisation, as it links the molecular workings of flagellar beat with sperm motion three-dimensional (3D) space over time. Determining direction head has been hindered by symmetry translucent nature head, fast 3D driven helical beat. Analysis mostly restricted to two-dimensional (2D) single focal plane image analysis, which enables tracking centre position but not rotation. Despite conserved beating...

The flagellar movement of the mammalian sperm plays a crucial role in fertilization. In female reproductive tract, human spermatozoa undergo process called capacitation which promotes changes their motility. Only capacitated may be hyperactivated and only those that transition to motility are capable fertilizing egg. Hyperactivated is characterized by asymmetric bends greater amplitude lower frequency. Historically, clinical fertilization studies have used two-dimensional analysis classify...

We studied the associations between serum urate levels (determined in 503 subjects from a population of 1,344 living northern Madrid) and both metabolic syndrome (MS) (defined by Adult Treatment Panel III criteria) C-reactive protein (CRP, determined 382 subjects). MS was diagnosed 25% (95%CI, 21–28%) associated with hyperuricemia (p<0.001). There graded increase increasing number components. Urate concentrations significantly correlated waist circumference (r=0,455, p<0.01). Serum not...

Tracing tubular structures from biomedical images is important for a wide range of applications. Particularly, the spermatozoon an essential cell whose flagella have form. Its main function to fertilize egg, and flagellum fundamental achieve this task which depends importantly on dynamics intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i). Measuring [Ca2+]i along in 3-D not simple matter since it requires: 1) sophisticated fluorescence imaging techniques dealing with low intensity signal noise ratio (SNR) 2)...

Are there intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) oscillations correlated with flagellar beating in human sperm? The results reveal statistically significant [Ca2+]i that are the sperm frequency, when measured three-dimensions (3D). Fast to frequency of cells swimming a restricted volume have been detected hamster sperm. To date, such findings not confirmed any other mammalian species. An important question has remained regarding these observations is whether fast real or might they be due remaining...

ABSTRACT Human spermatozoa are the archetype of long-term self-organizing transport in nature and critical for reproductive success. They utilize coordinated head flagellar movements to swim long distances within female tract order find fertilize egg. However, date, analysis sperm head–flagellar movements, or indeed those other flagellated microorganisms, remains elusive due limitations microscopy flagellar-tracking techniques. Here, we present a novel methodology based on local orientation...

We report synchronization of Mercury Beating Heart (MBH) oscillators using the environmental coupling mechanism. This mechanism involves interaction with a common medium/environment such that do not interact among themselves. In present work, we chose modified MBH system as environment. absence coupling, this does exhibit self sustained oscillations. It was observed that, result environment, electrical and mechanical activities both synchronized simultaneously. Experimental results indicate...

Microcrystalline cellulose I (MCCI) is an excipient used as a diluent, disintegrant, glidant and binder for the production of pharmaceutical tablets. In this work, microcrystalline II (MCCII) was obtained from cotton fibers by basic treatment with 7.5 N NaOH followed acid hydrolysis. MCCI MCCII materials were processed wet granulation, dry granulation spray drying. Either polymorphic form or processing had no effects on particle morphology size. However, powders higher porosity, less packing...

This article describes a new family of cryptographically secure pseudorandom number generators, based on coupled chaotic maps, that will serve as keystream in stream cipher. The maps are modification piecewise linear map, by dynamic changing the coefficient values and perturbing its lesser significant bits.

The canonical beating of the human sperm flagellum is postulated to be symmetric. This despite reported asymmetries inherent flagellar axonemal structure, from distribution and activation molecular motors to, even, localisation regulatory ion channels. raises a fundamental question: how symmetric possible within such intrinsically asymmetric complex? Here, we employ high-speed 3D imaging with mathematical analysis capable resolving movement in 4D (3D+time). reveals that both anisotropic...

Human spermatozoa must swim through the female reproductive tract, where they undergo a series of biochemical and biophysical reactions called capacitation, necessary step to fertilize egg. Capacitation promotes changes in motility pattern. Historically, two-dimensional analysis has been used classify sperm clinical fertilization studies. Nevertheless, natural environment is three-dimensional (3D). Imaging flagella freely swimming difficult task due their high beating frequency up 25 Hz....