A5053330356- Photoreceptor and optogenetics research
- Retinal Development and Disorders
- Neuroscience and Neural Engineering
- Neural dynamics and brain function
- Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Advanced Memory and Neural Computing
- Color perception and design
- Coral and Marine Ecosystems Studies
- Cellular transport and secretion
- Optical Imaging and Spectroscopy Techniques
- Ocean Acidification Effects and Responses
- Advanced Optical Imaging Technologies
- Electrochemical Analysis and Applications
- Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurovascular Disturbances
- Neurobiology and Insect Physiology Research
- Mycotoxins in Agriculture and Food
- Physiological and biochemical adaptations
- Plant Disease Resistance and Genetics
- Pluripotent Stem Cells Research
- Glaucoma and retinal disorders
- EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces
- Retinal and Macular Surgery
- Visual perception and processing mechanisms
- Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- CCD and CMOS Imaging Sensors
University of California, San Diego
2018-2024
Institute of Psychology
2022
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke
2011-2019
National Institutes of Health
2009-2019
Synaptic Research (United States)
2013
Oregon Health & Science University
2004-2010
The genetic locus for incomplete congenital stationary night blindness (CSNB2) has been identified as the CACNA1f gene, encoding α 1F calcium channel subunit, a member of L-type family channels. electroretinogram associated with CSNB2 implicates in synaptic transmission between retinal photoreceptors and bipolar cells. Using recently developed monoclonal antibody to , we localize ribbon active zones rod photoreceptor terminals mouse retina, supporting role mediating glutamate release from...
Abstract Amacrine cells constitute a diverse class of interneurons that contribute to visual signal processing in the inner retina, but surprisingly, little is known about physiology most amacrine cell subtypes. Here, we have taken advantage sparse expression vesicular glutamate transporter 3 (VGLUT3) mammalian retina target yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) unique population using new transgenic mouse line. Electrophysiological recordings made from YFP-positive (VGLUT3+) provide first...
ToxB, a gene that encodes 6.6-kDa host-selective toxin (HST), is present in several races of the wheat pathogen Pyrenophora tritici-repentis. To learn more about multiple ToxB open reading frames (ORFs), six estimated nine copies from race 5 isolate were cloned and analyzed. All have identical 261-bp ORFs thus encode same form Ptr ToxB. Sequence analysis regions flanking loci revealed majority are associated with portions retrotransposons transposon-like sequence. Data indicate reside on two...
The On-Off direction-selective ganglion cell (DSGC) in mammalian retinas responds most strongly to a stimulus moving specific direction. DSGC initiates spikes its dendritic tree, which are thought propagate the soma with high probability. Both and somatic display strong directional tuning, whereas PSPs (postsynaptic potentials) only weakly directional, indicating that spike generation includes marked enhancement of signal. We used realistic computational model based on anatomical...
Retinal prosthetics are one of the leading therapeutic strategies to restore lost vision in patients with retinitis pigmentosa and age-related macular degeneration. Much work has described patterns spiking retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) response electrical stimulation, but less examined underlying circuitry that is activated by stimulation drive these responses. Surprisingly, little known about role inhibition generating responses or how might be altered during Using whole-cell voltage-clamp...
The biophysical mechanisms that give rise to direction selectivity in the retina remain uncertain. Current evidence suggests directional signal first arises within dendrites of starburst amacrine cells (SBACs). Two models have been proposed explain this phenomenon, one based on mutual inhibitory interactions between SBACs, and other positing an intrinsic dendritic mechanism requiring a voltage-gradient depolarizing towards tips. We tested these by recording current voltage responses visual...
Synaptic ribbons are presynaptic protein structures found at many synapses that convey graded, “analog” sensory signals in the visual, auditory, and vestibular pathways. Ribbons, typically anchored to membrane surrounded by tethered synaptic vesicles, thought regulate or facilitate vesicle delivery membrane. No direct evidence exists, however, indicate how vesicles interact with ribbon or, once attached, move along ribbon9s surface reach release sites its base. To address these questions, we...
For many animals, evolution has selected for complex visual systems despite the high energetic demands associated with maintaining eyes and their processing structures. Therefore, metabolic of make them highly sensitive to fluctuations in available oxygen. In marine environment, oxygen changes over daily, seasonal inter-annual time scales, there are large gradients depth. Vision is linked survival particularly among crustaceans, cephalopods fish, early life stages these groups rely on vision...
Purpose: For more than 20 years, there has been an international, multidisciplinary effort to develop retinal prostheses restore functional vision patients blinded by degeneration. We developed a novel subretinal prosthesis with 1512 optically addressed silicon nanowire photodiodes, which transduce incident light into electrical stimulation of the remaining circuitry. This study was conducted evaluate efficacy driving produce visual cortex activation via retina. Methods: measured...
In optic neuropathies, including glaucoma, retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) die. Cell transplantation and endogenous regeneration offer strategies for repair, however, developmental programs required this to succeed are incompletely understood. To address this, we explored cellular reprogramming with transcription factor (TF) regulators of RGC development which were integrated into human pluripotent stem (PSCs) as inducible gene cassettes. When the pioneer NEUROG2 was combined RGC-expressed TFs...
Abstract Inhibition shapes activity and signal processing in neural networks through numerous mechanisms mediated by many different cell types. Here, we examined how one type of GABAergic interneuron the retina, A17 amacrine cell, influences visual information processing. Our results suggest that A17s, which make reciprocal feedback inhibitory synapses onto rod bipolar (RBC) synaptic terminals, extend luminance range over RBC compute temporal contrast enhance reliability signals this range....
AbstractOrganisms in coastal waters experience naturally high oxygen variability and steep gradients with depth, addition to ocean deoxygenation. They often undergo diel vertical migration involving a change irradiance that initiates visual behavior. Retinal function has been shown be highly sensitive loss; here we assess whether behavior (photobehavior) paralarvae of the squid Doryteuthis opalescens octopus Octopus bimaculatus is affected by low conditions, using novel behavioral paradigm....
Abstract Vision loss from diseases of the outer retina, such as age-related macular degeneration, is among leading causes irreversible blindness in world today. The goal retinal prosthetics to replace photo-sensing function photoreceptors lost these with optoelectronic hardware electrically stimulate patterns activity corresponding vision. To enable high-resolution prosthetics, scale stimulating electrodes must be significantly decreased current designs; however, this reduces amount that can...
Optoelectronic retinal prostheses transduce light into electrical current for neural stimulation. We introduce a novel optoelectronic pixel architecture consisting of vertically integrated photo junction-field-effect transistor (Photo-JFET) and stimulating electrode. Experimental measurements demonstrate that optically addressed Photo-JFET pixels utilize phototransistive gain to produce broad range stimulation can effectively stimulate neurons in vitro. The compact nature the enable high...
Vision restoration strategies aim to reestablish vision by replacing the function of lost photoreceptors with optoelectronic hardware or through gene therapy. One complication these approaches is that retinal circuitry undergoes remodeling after photoreceptor loss. Circuit following perturbation ubiquitous in nervous system and understanding changes crucial for treating neurodegeneration. Spontaneous oscillations arise during degeneration have been well-studied, however, other spatiotemporal...
Changing oxygen conditions are altering the distribution of many marine animals. Zooplankton vertical distributions primarily attributed to physiological tolerance and/or avoidance visual predation. Recent findings reveal that function in larvae is highly sensitive availability, but it unknown how oxygen, which affects light sensitivity and generates limits for vision, may affect animals rely heavily on this sensory modality. This study introduces concept a “visual luminoxyscape” demonstrate...