A5080645328- Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Retinal Development and Disorders
- Photoreceptor and optogenetics research
- Neural dynamics and brain function
- Neuroscience and Neural Engineering
- Ion channel regulation and function
- Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Photosynthetic Processes and Mechanisms
- Algal biology and biofuel production
- Receptor Mechanisms and Signaling
- Lipid Membrane Structure and Behavior
- Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Retinal Diseases and Treatments
- Advanced Fluorescence Microscopy Techniques
- Cellular transport and secretion
- Advanced Electron Microscopy Techniques and Applications
- Epilepsy research and treatment
- Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
- Diet and metabolism studies
- Cell Image Analysis Techniques
- Glaucoma and retinal disorders
- Protist diversity and phylogeny
- Pancreatic function and diabetes
- Neuroscience, Education and Cognitive Function
- Anesthesia and Neurotoxicity Research
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke
2015-2025
National Institutes of Health
2013-2024
Northwestern University
2021
MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology
2021
Vanderbilt University
2021
National University of Singapore
2021
Stony Brook University
2021
Emory University
2021
The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
2021
Columbia University
2021
The role of transporters in clearing free glutamate from the synaptic cleft was studied rat CA1 hippocampal neurons cultured on glial microislands. time course during a event estimated by measuring extent to which rapidly dissociating AMPA receptor antagonist kynurenate (KYN) replaced response. Dose inhibition EPSC KYN less than predicted equilibrium affinity antagonist, and rise miniature EPSCs (mEPSCs) slowed KYN. Both results indicated that dissociated receptors synaptically released...
Microglia, the principal resident immune cell of CNS, exert significant influence on neurons during development and in pathological situations. However, if how microglia contribute to normal neuronal function mature uninjured CNS is not well understood. We used model adult mouse retina, a part amenable structural functional analysis, investigate constitutive role by depleting from retina sustained manner using genetic methods. discovered that are acutely required for maintenance retinal...
Glutamate released at synapses in the CA1 region of hippocampus escapes synaptic cleft and activates extrasynaptic targets; it also may "spill over" into neighboring activate receptors there. transporters glial membranes restrict diffusion, but is unclear whether neuronal glutamate limit transmitter diffusion receptor activation by spillover. I examined effects a low-affinity competitive NMDA antagonist on EPSCs acute hippocampal slices to distinguish activated within active from those...
Night (scotopic) vision is mediated by a distinct retinal circuit in which the light responses of rod-driven neurons are faster than those rods themselves. To investigate dynamics synaptic transmission at second synapse rod pathway, we made paired voltage-clamp recordings from bipolar cells (RBCs) and postsynaptic AII A17 amacrine rat slices. Depolarization RBCs -60 mV elicited sustained Ca2+ currents evoked AMPA receptor (AMPAR)-mediated EPSCs synaptically coupled that exhibited large,...
Neurons must maintain a supply of neurotransmitter in their presynaptic terminals to fill synaptic vesicles. GABA is taken up into inhibitory by transporters or synthesized from glutamate glutamic acid decarboxylase. Here we report that GABAergic the hippocampus with glutamate, which then used synthesize for filling Glutamate transporter antagonists reduced IPSC and miniature (mIPSC) amplitudes, consistent reduction amount packaged each vesicle. This occurred rapidly independently activity,...
Efficient channel assignment is crucial for successful deployment and operation of IEEE 802.11-based WLANs. In this article we present a survey on the state art schemes in After detailing out all schemes, provide qualitative comparison among different terms algorithm execution behaviors, complexity, scalability. We then conclude with several research issues open further investigation.
In the mammalian brain, specificity of excitatory synaptic transmission depends on rapid diffusion glutamate away from active synapses and powerful uptake capacity transporters in astrocytes. The extent to which neuronal influence lifetime extracellular space remains unclear. Here we show that EAAC1, predominant transporter at hippocampal area CA1, buffers released during events prolongs time course its clearance by EAAC1 does not significantly alter activation receptors cleft. Instead, it...
We estimated the size of readily releasable pool (RRP) vesicles at a ribbon synapse in rat retina by making paired voltage-clamp recordings from presynaptic rod bipolar cells (RBCs) and postsynaptic AII amacrine an vitro retinal slice preparation. The RRP each active zone was to constitute seven vesicles, range sizes conventional synapses. During sustained Ca(2+) entry, could be released with time constant about 4 ms. This exhibited pronounced paired-pulse depression (PPD), which...
GLT-1, the major glutamate transporter in adult brain, is abundantly expressed astrocytic processes enveloping synapses. By limiting escape into surrounding neuropil, GLT-1 preserves spatial specificity of synaptic signaling. Here we show that amyloid-β peptide Aβ 1–42 markedly prolongs extracellular lifetime synaptically released by reducing surface expression mouse astrocytes and this effect prevented vitamin E derivative Trolox. These findings indicate dysfunction may play an important...
Abstract Retinal ganglion cell (RGC) injury and death from glaucoma other forms of optic nerve disease is a major cause irreversible vision loss blindness. Human pluripotent stem (hPSC)-derived RGCs could provide source cells for the development novel therapeutic molecules as well potential cell-based therapies. In addition, such insights into human RGC development, gene regulation neuronal biology. Here, we report simple, adherent culture protocol differentiation hPSCs to using...
Genetically encoded fluorescent glutamate indicators (iGluSnFRs) enable neurotransmitter release and diffusion to be visualized in intact tissue. Synaptic iGluSnFR signal time courses vary widely depending on experimental conditions, often lasting 10–100 times longer than the extracellular lifetime of synaptically released estimated with uptake measurements. signals typically also decay much more slowly unbinding kinetics indicator. To resolve these discrepancies, here we have modeled...
NMDA and AMPA receptors (NMDARs AMPARs) are colocalized at most excitatory synapses in the CNS. Consequently, both receptor types activated by a single quantum of transmitter contribute to miniature evoked EPSCs. However, amphibian retina, EPSCs ganglion cell layer neurons mediated solely AMPARs, although NMDARs AMPARs during One explanation for this discrepancy is that located outside synaptic cleft only when extrasynaptic glutamate levels increase coincident release from multiple synapses....
At many excitatory synapses, the neurotransmitter glutamate diffuses beyond synaptic cleft to activate extrasynaptic targets. The extent and impact of such transmitter “spillover” on processing capacity neuronal networks are unclear, in part because it remains unknown how far from its point release before being removed extracellular space by high-affinity transporters. Synaptically activated, transporter-mediated currents (STCs) recorded hippocampal astrocytes provide an experimental measure...
In addition to maintaining the extracellular glutamate concentration at low ambient levels, high-affinity transporters play a direct role in synaptic transmission by speeding clearance of from cleft and limiting extent which transmitter spills over between synapses. Transporters are expressed both neurons glia, but glial likely major removing synaptically released space. The has been studied directly measuring activated, transporter-mediated currents (STCs) astrocytes. Here we record...