Mesenchymal progenitor cells provide a source of for the repair musculoskeletal tissue. However, in vitro models are needed to study mechanisms differentiation cells. This demonstrated successful induction chondrogenesis with human bone-marrow-derived osteochondral reliable and reproducible culture system. Human bone marrow was removed fractionated, adherent cell cultures were established. The then passaged into an aggregate system serum-free medium. Initially, aggregates contained type-I...

Study Design. A prospective longitudinal study was conducted to evaluate dysphagia after anterior cervical spine surgery. Objectives. To the incidence and natural history of surgery, identify risk factors for development postoperative dysphagia. Summary Background Data. The literature contains only retrospective evaluations wide range has been reported in these studies. Methods. Altogether, 249 consecutive patients undergoing surgery were eligible study. These contacted 1, 2, 6, 12 months...

Abstract Adult marrow contains mesenchymal progenitor cells (MPCs) that have multiple differentiation potentials. A conditionally immortalized MPC clone, BMC9, has been identified exhibits four cell phenotypes: chondrocyte, adipocyte, stromal (support osteoclast formation), and osteoblast. The BMC9 control brain fibroblasts another marrow-derived BMC10, were isolated from a transgenic mouse (H-2Kb-tsA58) containing gene for conditional immortality. To test chondrogenic potential, cultured in...

Abstract Much attention has been given to the influences of bioactive factors on mesenchymal progenitor cell differentiation and proliferation, but few studies have examined effect mechanical these cells. This study effects cyclic hydrostatic pressure human bone marrow‐derived cells undergoing chondrogenic differentiation. Aggregates were cultured in a defined medium subjected pressure. loaded at various time points: single (day 1 or 3) multiple (days 1–7). At 14 28 days, aggregates...

Objective: To compare the incidence, prevalence, and rate of improvement dysphagia in patients undergoing anterior cervical spine surgery with two different instrumentation designs. Methods: The study subjects were 156 consecutive plate fixation. We compared incidence among groups both produced by same manufacturer (Medtronic Danek); Atlantis has thicker wider dimensions than Zephir plate. Dysphagia evaluations performed prospectively telephone interviews at 1, 2, 6, 12, 24 months following...

Abstract Articular cartilage in adults has limited ability for self‐repair. Some methods devised to augment the natural healing response stimulate some regeneration, but repair is often incomplete and lacks durability. Hyaluronan‐based polymers were tested their enhance response. It hypothesized that hyaluronan‐based recreate an embryonic‐like milieu where host progenitor cells can regenerate damaged articular surface underlying bone. Osteochondral defects made on femoral condyles of...

Stem cell-based tissue engineering represents a possible alternative for the repair of cartilage defects. Both bone marrow and adipose contain pluripotential cells capable chondrogenesis. This study was qualitative quantitative comparison chondrogenic potential progenitor isolated from aspirates tissue.Bone (BM) matching (AD) overlying posterior superior iliac crest were obtained patients undergoing elective spine surgery. Chondrogenesis induced using an established aggregate culture...

A retrospective review of all patients surgically treated for adjacent segment disease the cervical spine over a 20-year period.To determine clinical and radiographic success discectomy with interbody grafting corpectomy strut in treatment spine.Up to 25% undergoing anterior fusion have new due degeneration an within 10 years. The surgical these has not been reported.Thirty-eight were by or grafting. Arthrodesis was evaluated flexion-extension lateral radiographs outcomes assessed using...

In Brief Study Design. Retrospective review. Objective. To quantify and describe perioperative complication rates in a large series of well-matched elderly patients who underwent lumbar decompression arthrodesis. Summary Background Data. Posterior fusion is frequently performed to treat stenosis with instability. An increasing number are undergoing operative treatment for degenerative disease. The reported morbidity performing arthrodesis this population varies widely the literature, recent...

Abstract Defects of the meniscus greatly alter knee function and predispose joint to degenerative changes. The purpose this study was test a recently developed cell‐scaffold combination for repair critical‐size defect rabbit medial meniscus. A bilateral, complete resection pars intermedia performed in 18 New Zealand White rabbits. hyaluronan/gelatin composite scaffold implanted into one 6 rabbits contralateral left untreated. Scaffolds loaded with autologous marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem...

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are used extensively in cartilage tissue engineering. We have developed a photopolymerizable poly(ethylene glycol diacrylate) (PEGDA) and glycol) (PEG) semi-interpenetrating network that facilitates the vitro chondrogenesis of human MSCs (hMSCs). Network parameters were altered tested for their effects on subsequent matrix elaboration. The mesh size, calculated each based equilibrium swelling ratios, was larger with lower PEGDA:PEG ratios higher PEGDA molecular...

Cartilage tissue engineering aims to replace damaged or diseased with a functional regenerate that restores joint function. Scaffolds are used deliver cells and facilitate development, but they can also interfere the structural assembly of cartilage matrix. Biodegradable scaffolds have been proposed as means improve matrix deposition biomechanical properties neocartilage. The challenge is designing appropriate degradation rates, ideally such scaffold proportional deposition. In this study,...

The aim of this study was to investigate the potential a composite matrix, containing esterified hyaluronic acid and gelatin, facilitate osteochondral differentiation culture-expanded, bone marrow–derived mesenchymal progenitor cells. cell loading characteristics effects matrix on were examined in vitro vivo. Empty cell-loaded composites cultivated for up 28 days chemically defined medium with or without transforming growth factor–β1 (TGF-β1). A type II collagen-rich extracellular produced...

Objective To assess the chondrogenic potential of cells within synovium. Methods Explants synovium taken from various sites in joint were embedded agarose and cultured with transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) to their potential. Isolated synovial also tested for by culturing them as aggregates a chemically defined medium TGFβ1. Cartilage formation was determined histologic staining immunohistochemistry. The osteochondral isolated assessed after subcutaneous implantation cells, loaded into...

This study examines the C2 vertebrae using both direct anatomic and computed tomographic measurements.To define relation of bony elements to vertebral artery spinal canal, determine individuals at risk for injury during C1-C2 transarticular screw placement.Recent literature assessing safety upper cervical spine screws has concentrated on technique, including optimal point entry path projection screw. The actual dimensions isthmus pars interarticularis not been examined in a large number...

Periosteum contains osteochondral progenitor cells that can differentiate into osteoblasts and chondrocytes during normal bone growth fracture healing. TGF-β1 BMP-2 have been implicated in the regulation of chondrogenic differentiation these cells, but their roles are not fully defined. This study was undertaken to investigate effects on rat periosteum-derived vitro chondrogenesis a three-dimensional aggregate culture. RT-PCR analyses for gene expression cartilage-specific matrix proteins...

Both the cadaveric and clinical examples of anomalous vertebral artery courses are described. The incidence this anomaly in general population recognition, complications, treatment options for these patients when undergoing anterior cervical decompression discussed.Cadaveric study: In study artery's course through spine adult was analyzed. relation between an abnormal surgical landmarks Clinical Complications alternative methods with described.The is low, but failure to recognize a medially...

The lack of repair articular cartilage where the damage does not penetrate subchondral bone indicates importance marrow components in cartilage. In adult animals, there is an inability chondrocytes to heal chondral defects, but if extends beyond bone, a process ensues which mesenchymal progenitor cells migrate into injured site and undergo chondrogenic differentiation. However, analysis animal models human biopsy samples that fibrocartilage, rather than true predominant tissue synthesized....

Study Design. A retrospective review was conducted. Objective. To compare the accuracy of two objective radiographic techniques in identifying nonunion after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion. Summary Background Data. The diagnostic methods for detecting pseudarthrosis has been poorly documented. Radiographic criteria mentioned literature include perceived motion or change Cobb angles between involved segments on flexion–extension views. Methods. participants this study were 27...

This study examined the contribution and interdependence of multiple imaging parameters in clinical sequences to aid practicing radiologists minimizing artifacts during MR spine after implantation titanium pedicle screws.A lumbar specimen with screws implanted was imaged a 1.5-T scanner. Sequence type, voxel volume, TE, bandwidth varied. Different volumes were achieved by altering section thickness, field view (FOV), matrix size. Artifact size measured on sagittal axial images at midpedicle...