A5019421317- HIV Research and Treatment
- Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
- Infection Control and Ventilation
- Immune Cell Function and Interaction
- HIV/AIDS drug development and treatment
- Immune Response and Inflammation
- COVID-19 epidemiological studies
- Advanced Drug Delivery Systems
- HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
- RNA Interference and Gene Delivery
- Inhalation and Respiratory Drug Delivery
- Influenza Virus Research Studies
- Virology and Viral Diseases
- Animal Disease Management and Epidemiology
- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Bacteriophages and microbial interactions
- Climate Change and Health Impacts
- Reproductive tract infections research
- vaccines and immunoinformatics approaches
- Hepatitis B Virus Studies
- T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies Research
- Viral Infections and Immunology Research
- HIV, TB, and STIs Epidemiology
- Protein purification and stability
Western University
2016-2024
University of Bristol
2021-2024
Imperial College London
2011-2021
St Mary's Hospital
2021
Case Western Reserve University
2018-2020
St George's, University of London
2008-2011
University of Strathclyde
2003-2009
Understanding the factors that influence airborne survival of viruses such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in aerosols is important for identifying routes transmission and value various mitigation strategies preventing transmission. We present measurements stability SARS-CoV-2 aerosol droplets (∼5 to 10 µm equilibrated radius) over timescales spanning 5 s 20 min using an instrument probe a small population (typically 10) containing ∼1 virus/droplet....
Abstract An improved understanding of the underlying physicochemical properties respiratory aerosol that influence viral infectivity may open new avenues to mitigate transmission diseases such as COVID-19. Previous studies have shown an increase in pH aerosols following generation due changes gas-particle partitioning buffering bicarbonate ions and carbon dioxide is a significant factor reducing SARS-CoV-2 infectivity. We show here aerostability results from moderate atmospheric...
The mechanistic factors hypothesized to be key drivers for the loss of infectivity viruses in aerosol phase often remain speculative. Using a next-generation bioaerosol technology, we report measurements aero-stability several SARS-CoV-2 variants concern droplets well-defined size and composition at high (90%) low (40%) relative humidity (RH) upwards 40 min. When compared with ancestral virus, Delta variant displayed different decay profiles. At RH, viral approximately 55% was observed over...
To date, an affordable, effective treatment for HIV-1 cure remains only a concept with most "latency reversal" agents (LRAs) lacking specificity the latent reservoir and failing in early clinical trials. We assessed latency reversal using multivalent HIV-1-derived virus-like particle (HLP) to treat samples from 32 people living (PLWH) Uganda, US Canada who initiated combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) during chronic infection. Even after 5-20 years on stable cART, HLP could target CD4
Vaccination through mucosal surfaces has been shown to elicit antiviral immune responses against a number of pathogens. Here we demonstrate that both and systemic can be elicited model HIV-1 CN54gp140 antigen when cation-complexed plasmid DNA vaccines are applied topically the murine pulmonary mucosa as an priming strategy. Furthermore, using influenza challenge show vaccine complexed less toxic form PEI called dPEI (a nearly fully hydrolysed linear with 11% additional free protonatable...
ABSTRACT It is accepted that an effective prophylactic HIV-1 vaccine likely to have the greatest impact on viral transmission rates. As previous reports implicated DNA-priming, protein boost regimens be efficient activators of humoral responses, we sought optimize this regimen further augment immunogenicity. Here evaluated single versus concurrent intradermal (i.d.) and intramuscular (i.m.) vaccinations as a DNA-priming strategy for their abilities elicit cellular responses against model...
Using a unique vaccine antigen matched and single HIV Clade C approach we have assessed the immunogenicity of DNA-poxvirus-protein strategy in mice rabbits, administering MVA protein immunizations either sequentially or simultaneously presence novel TLR4 adjuvant, GLA-AF. Mice were vaccinated with combinations env/gag-pol-nef plasmid DNA followed by MVA-C (HIV env/gag-pol-nef) CN54gp140 (+/-GLA-AF adjuvant) co-administered different muscles same animal given at 3-week intervals. The prime...
The induction of high levels systemic and mucosal humoral immunity is a key goal for many prophylactic vaccines. However, adjuvant strategies developed in mice have often performed poorly the clinic. Due to their closer similarity humans, minipigs may provide more accurate picture performance. Based on complementary signalling pathways, we assessed immune responses model antigens after co-administration with toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) stimulator glucopyranosyl lipid (GLA-AF) or TLR7/8...
Vaccination with inactivated (killed) whole-virus particles has been used to prevent a wide range of viral diseases. However, for an HIV vaccine this approach largely negated due inherent safety concerns, despite the ability killed vaccines generate strong, predominantly antibody-mediated immune response in vivo. HIV-1 Clade B NL4-3 was genetically modified by deleting nef and vpu genes substituting coding sequence Env signal peptide that honeybee melittin produce less virulent more...
Copyright © 2021 American Association for Aerosol Research
Respiratory pathogens can be spread though the transmission of aerosolised expiratory secretions in form droplets or particulates. Understanding fundamental aerosol parameters that govern how such survive whilst airborne is essential to understanding and developing methods restricting their dissemination. Pathogen viability measurements made using Controlled Electrodynamic Levitation Extraction Bioaerosol onto Substrate (CELEBS) tandem with a comparative kinetics electrodynamic balance...
First identified as the etiological agent behind Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) in early 1980s, HIV-1 has continued to spread into a global pandemic and major public health concern. Despite success of antiretroviral therapy at reducing viremia preventing dramatic CD4+ T-cell collapse, infected individuals remain HIV positive for life. Unfortunately, it is increasingly clear that natural immunity not, may never be, protective against this pathogen. Therefore, efficacious vaccine...
Abstract Understanding the factors that influence airborne survival of viruses such as SARS-CoV-2 in aerosols is important for identifying routes transmission and value various mitigation strategies preventing transmission. We present measurements stability aerosol droplets (∼5-10µm equilibrated radius) over timescales spanning from 5 seconds to 20 minutes using a novel instrument probe small population (typically 5-10) containing ∼1 virus/droplet. Measurements infectivity change are coupled...
The generation of effective levels antigen-specific immunity at the mucosal sites pathogen entry is a key goal for vaccinologists. We explored topical vaginal application as an approach to initiate local immunity, enhance previously existing systemic or re-target responses mucosae. To deliver protein vaccine formulation surface, we used novel ring device comprising silicone elastomer body into which three freeze-dried, rod-shaped, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose inserts were incorporated. Each...
Increasing evidence suggests that mucosally targeted vaccines will enhance local humoral and cellular responses whilst still eliciting systemic immunity. We therefore investigated the capacity of nasal, sublingual or vaginal delivery DNA-PEI polyplexes to prime immune prior mucosal protein boost vaccination. Using a plasmid expressing model antigen HIV CN54gp140 we show each these surfaces were permissive for DNA priming production antigen-specific antibody responses. The elicitation using...