A5000061273- HIV Research and Treatment
- Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
- Prostate Cancer Treatment and Research
- Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry Studies
- HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
- vaccines and immunoinformatics approaches
- Metabolism, Diabetes, and Cancer
- Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies Research
- Metabolism and Genetic Disorders
- Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors
- HIV, Drug Use, Sexual Risk
- Cancer, Lipids, and Metabolism
- Parvovirus B19 Infection Studies
- Hepatitis B Virus Studies
- Inflammatory mediators and NSAID effects
- Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy
- Chemokine receptors and signaling
- Cancer, Hypoxia, and Metabolism
- Viral Infections and Outbreaks Research
- Growth Hormone and Insulin-like Growth Factors
- Neuroendocrine Tumor Research Advances
- Herpesvirus Infections and Treatments
- Prostate Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment
- Hepatitis C virus research
- Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
International AIDS Society
2019-2023
Imperial College London
2007-2019
St Mary's Hospital
2010
Prostate Cancer Research
2006
University College London
2006
Ninewells Hospital
2002-2004
University of Dundee
2004
University of East Anglia
1999-2001
Bulgarian Academy of Sciences
2001
Hôpital Saint-Louis
1998
Here, we study the intricate relationship between gut microbiota and host cometabolic phenotypes associated with dietary-induced impaired glucose homeostasis nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in a mouse strain (129S6) known to be susceptible these traits, using plasma urine metabotyping, achieved by (1)H NMR spectroscopy. Multivariate statistical modeling of spectra shows that genetic predisposition 129S6 NAFLD is disruptions choline metabolism, i.e., low circulating levels...
Abstract The nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated δ [PPARδ/β (NR1C2)] has been implicated in colorectal carcinogenesis by various molecular genetic observations. These observations have recently supported studies of activation PPARδ pharmacological agents. Here we present the first report stimulation breast and prostate cancer cell growth using selective agonists. Activation with compound F stimulated proliferation (T47D, MCF7) (LNCaP, PNT1A) lines, which are responsive to sex...
Insulin resistance plays a central role in type 2 diabetes and obesity, which develop as consequence of genetic environmental factors. Dietary changes including high fat diet (HFD) feeding promotes insulin rodent models present useful systems for studying interactions between background influences contributing to disease susceptibility progression. We applied combination classical physiological, biochemical hormonal studies plasma 1H NMR spectroscopy-based metabonomics characterize the...
To understand specific interactions between stromal cells and epithelial in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) adenocarcinoma, we developed stromal-cell cultures from normal human prostate (PNX) BPH (BH101), composed of fibroblasts myofibroblasts. Their role epithelial-cell growth was studied using the established cancer cell lines LNCaP, PC3 DU 145 an SV40 large T-immortalized line, PNTIA, double-diffusion co-culture chambers. PNTIA stimulated by PNX (x 1.6) more strongly BH101 2.7)....
Highly effective antiretroviral-based HIV prevention plays an important role in ending the global HIV/AIDS epidemic. However, sustainable control of epidemic is hampered by unequal access to options, including testing, alongside with drug resistance and ongoing barriers accessing treatment. Therefore, vaccine, combined treatment, remains absolute necessity Yet, recent discontinuation four major vaccine efficacy studies raising concerns about future research development globally, particularly...
In vitro diagnostics (IVDs) play a pivotal role in healthcare for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of infectious diseases, especially during epidemic pandemic outbreaks. Improving access to IVDs holds promise better outcomes, particularly resource-limited settings. However, challenges persist, such as regulatory disparities financial constraints, hindering broad IVDs. To address these challenges, Industry Liaison Forum International AIDS Society convened agencies, industry...
Although nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are used as cancer chemopreventative agents, their mechanism is unclear because NSAIDs have cyclooxygenase-independent actions. We investigated an alternative target for NSAIDs, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ), activation of which decreases cell proliferation. been shown to activate this receptor, but only at high concentrations. Here, we examined binding diclofenac PPARγ using a <i>cis</i>-parinaric acid...
The challenge of designing future HIV prevention efficacy trials in a rapidly evolving landscape was explored through series virtual stakeholder's engagement meetings convened online between October 2020 and April 2021. A broad array stakeholders from the research community reviewed current trial designs lessons learned, issues specific to unique product classes, concluded with specialist-focused examinations statistical design concepts importance research. aim reflect on approaches evaluate...
This review considers the use of antiretroviral drugs specifically to prevent HIV transmission. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) can be implemented for protection uninfected individuals both before (preexposure prophylaxis) and after (postexposure exposure infection. Preexposure prophylaxis may used coitally dependently when are intermittently exposed or by continuous daily dosing those constantly exposed; postexposure is in 28-day courses. Alternatively, ART strategically reduce viral load...
Using a unique vaccine antigen matched and single HIV Clade C approach we have assessed the immunogenicity of DNA-poxvirus-protein strategy in mice rabbits, administering MVA protein immunizations either sequentially or simultaneously presence novel TLR4 adjuvant, GLA-AF. Mice were vaccinated with combinations env/gag-pol-nef plasmid DNA followed by MVA-C (HIV env/gag-pol-nef) CN54gp140 (+/-GLA-AF adjuvant) co-administered different muscles same animal given at 3-week intervals. The prime...
Vaccination with DNA is an attractive strategy for induction of pathogen-specific T cells and antibodies. Studies in humans have shown that vaccines are safe, but their immunogenicity needs further improvement. As a step towards this goal, we previously demonstrated increased the use alphavirus DNA-launched replicon (DREP) vector compared to conventional vaccines. In study, investigated effect varying dose number administrations DREP when given as prime prior heterologous boost poxvirus...
There remains an urgent need for a prophylactic HIV vaccine. We compared combined MVA and adjuvanted gp140 to sequential MVA/gp140 after DNA priming. expected Env-specific CD4+ T-cells priming, Env-binding antibodies in 100% individuals boosting with that vaccines would not compromise safety might augment immunogenicity. Forty volunteers were primed three times plasmids encoding (CN54) env (ZM96) gag-pol-nef at 0, 4 8 weeks then boosted MVA-C (CN54 gag-pol-nef) GLA-AF CN54gp140. They...
The development of safe and effective HIV vaccines has been a scientific challenge for more than 40 years. Despite disappointing results from efficacy clinical trials, much learnt years research development. In rapidly evolving prevention landscape, swift evaluation multiple vaccine approaches eliciting cross-reactive humoral cellular responses is needed to ensure the efficacious candidates. To contain increasing costs, innovative methods are required. Experimental medicine potential...
Background A vaccine against HIV is widely considered the most effective and sustainable way of reducing new infections. We evaluated safety impact boosting with subtype C CN54rgp140 envelope protein adjuvanted in glucopyranosyl lipid adjuvant (GLA-AF) Tanzanian volunteers previously given three immunizations HIV-DNA followed by two recombinant modified vaccinia virus Ankara (HIV-MVA). Methods Forty (35 vaccinees five placebo recipients) were CN54rgp140/GLA-AF 30–71 weeks after last HIV-MVA...
Estramustine (EM) is an anti-microtubule drug used in the treatment of hormone-refractory advanced prostate cancer. Since microtubules are targets for EM cytotoxicity, we investigated effects on microtubule-associated protein tau to determine what role it may play resistance. We have compared expression human cancer cells (DU145) and EM-resistant derived cell line (E4). Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction has established that expressed both lines but increased 1.9-fold E4 with...
Adenoviruses have been shown to be both immunogenic and efficient at presenting HIV proteins but recent trials suggested that they may play a role in increasing the risk of acquisition. This associated with presence pre-existing immunity viral vectors. Chimpanzee adenoviruses (chAd) low seroprevalence human populations so reduce this risk. ChAd3 chAd63 were used deliver an gag, pol nef transgene. ELISpot analysis T cell responses mice showed chAd vectors able induce immune response Gag Pol...