Bisphenol A (BPA), a widely used raw component of polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins, has been reported to induce developmental neurotoxicity in offspring born dams exposed low doses BPA; however, the toxicity mechanism remains elusive. To study effects utero BPA exposure on neuronal morphology, we studied spine density dendritic growth hippocampal CA1 aged mice developing prenatally BPA. Pregnant were orally administered at dose 0, 40, or 400 μg/kg body weight/day gestational days...

Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), a member of the basic helix-loop-helix-Per-Arnt-Sim transcription factor family, plays critical role in developing nervous system invertebrates and vertebrates. Dioxin, ubiquitous environmental pollutant, avidly binds to this receptor, maternal exposure dioxin has been shown impair higher brain functions dendritic morphogenesis, possibly via an AhR-dependent mechanism. However, there is little information on AhR expression mammalian brain. To address issue,...

Increased prevalence of mental disorders cannot be solely attributed to genetic factors and is considered at least partly attributable chemical exposure. Among various environmental chemicals, in utero lactational dioxin exposure has been extensively studied known induce higher brain function abnormalities both humans laboratory animals. However, how the perinatal affects neuromorphological alterations remained largely unknown. Therefore, this study, we initially whether over-expression aryl...

Abstract Perinatal exposure to a low level of dioxin, ubiquitous environmental pollutant, has been shown induce abnormalities in learning and memory, emotion sociality laboratory animals later adulthood. However, how aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) signaling activation disrupts the higher brain function remains unclear. Therefore, we studied possible effects excessive AhR on neurodevelopmental processes, such as cellular migration neurite growth, mice. To this end, transfected constitutively...

The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) avidly binds dioxin, a ubiquitous environmental contaminant. Disruption of downstream AhR signaling has been reported to alter neuronal development, and rodent offspring exposed dioxin during gestation lactation showed abnormalities in learning memory, emotion, social behavior. However, the mechanism behind disrupted developmental neurotoxicity induced by xenobiotic ligands remains elusive. Therefore, we studied how excessive activation affects migration...

Non-invasive immobilization stress causes an increase in the plasma interleukin (IL)-6 level accompanied by increased IL-6 mRNA expression and immunoactivity liver [Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. (1997) 238, 707-711]. In present study, using rat primary cultured hepatocytes non-parenchymal cells, effect of norepinephrine (NE) on was determined. hepatocytes, but not when cells were treated with NE. The stimulatory NE inhibited combined use alpha- beta-adrenergic antagonists. also incubation...

Mitogen-activated protein 3 kinase 1 (MAP3K1) has a plethora of cell type-specific functions not yet fully understood. Herein, we describe role for MAP3K1 in female reproductive tract (FRT) development. domain-deficient mice exhibited an imperforate vagina, labor failure and infertility. These defects corresponded with shunted Müllerian ducts (MDs), the embryonic precursors FRT, that manifested as contorted caudal vagina abrogated vaginal-urogenital sinus fusion neonates. The domain is...

Polybrominated dibenzofurans (PBDFs) are major brominated dioxins in the environment, but information on their bioaccumulation potential and toxicokinetics is limited. This study conducted oral exposure experiments with C57BL/6J mice to investigate uptake ratios, distribution liver, plasma brain, metabolism, elimination kinetics of four bromine/chlorine-substituted (TrBDF: 2,3,8-tribromo, TeBDF: 2,3,7,8-tetrabromo, PeBDF: 1,2,3,7,8-pentabromo, TrBCDF: 2,3,7-tribromo-8-chloro) comparison...

A novel process technology for a-Si TFT-LCD's with the buried ITO electrode (BI) structure was developed and applied to 10-in-diagonal LCD panels. By employing BI structure, an aperture ratio of 29% achieved in high resolution panels a pixel size 192 /spl mu/ defect density reduced about one third conventional structure. The reduction effect also confirmed theoretically. provides significant advantages high-performance TFT-LCD's.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"...

The basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors exert multiple functions in mammalian cerebral cortex development. aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), a member of the bHLH-Per-Arnt-Sim subfamily, is ligand-activated factor reported to regulate nervous system development both invertebrates and vertebrates, but that AhR signaling pathway may have for remains elusive. Although endogenous ligand involved brain developmental process has not been identified, environmental pollutant dioxin...

Polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PBDD/DFs) have been unintentionally produced emitted from the lifecycle of products containing brominated flame retardants, such as polybrominated diphenyl ether, which is suspected to cause developmental neurotoxicity (DNT). Although it plausible that PBDD/DFs can also induce DNT, information regarding their neurotoxic potential currently limited. Hence, in present study, we examined effects utero lactational exposure on infant adult...

In Japan in 2004, 59 people who had consumed angel-wing mushroom, Pleurocybella porrigens, experienced acute encephalopathy, and of these 17 died. We purified a lethal protein to mice, pleurocybelline (PC), from P. porrigens. Although PC caused no damage the brain, formed complex with lectin (PPL) showed exo-protease activity, degrading substrates both N- C-termini. addition, presence an unstable toxic compound, pleurocybellaziridine (PA), mushroom was demonstrated. hypothesized that PA are...

Mitogen-Activated Protein 3 Kinase 1 (MAP3K1) is a dynamic signaling molecule with plethora of cell-type specific functions, most which are yet to be understood. Here we describe role for MAP3K1 in the development female reproductive tract (FRT). kinase domain-deficient ( Map3k1 ΔKD ) females exhibit imperforate vagina, labor failure, and infertility. These defects correspond shunted Müllerian duct (MD), principle precursor FRT, embryos, while they manifest as contorted caudal vagina...

Epithelial development starts with stem cell commitment to ectoderm followed by differentiation the basal keratinocytes. The keratinocytes, first committed in embryogenesis, constitute layer of epidermis. They have robust proliferation and potential are responsible for epidermal expansion, maintenance regeneration. We generated epithelial cells vitro through mouse embryonic (mESCs). Early on differentiation, expression markers, Oct4 Nanog, decreased sharply along increased marker keratin...

Indium compounds are used in manufacturing displays of mobile phones and televisions. These cause interstitial pneumonia workers lung cancer animals, but their precise mechanisms unclear. In this study, we performed microarray analysis gene expression tissues indium-exposed rats. Male Wistar rats (8-week-old) were exposed to indium oxide (In

The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) acts as a that responds to ligands, including dioxin. AhR-ligand complex translocates from the cytoplasm into nucleus induce gene expression. Because dioxin exposure impairs cognitive and neurobehavioral functions, AhR-expressing neurons need be identified for elucidation of neurotoxicity mechanism. Immunohistochemistry was performed detect in mouse brain confirm specificity anti-AhR antibody using Ahr-/- mice. Intracellular distribution AhR expression...

Abstract Aberrant signal transduction pathways can adversely derail developmental processes. One such process is embryonic eyelid closure that requires MAP3K1. Map3k1 knockout mice have defective and an autosomal recessive eye-open at birth phenotype. In utero exposure to dioxin, a persistent environmental toxicant, causes the same eye defect in +/- hemizygous but not wild type pups. Here we explore mechanisms of (gene) dioxin (environment) interactions (GxE) tissue defect. We show that,...

Epidemiological and experimental studies indicate that maternal exposure to environmental pollutants impairs the cognitive motor functions of offspring in humans laboratory animals. Infant ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs), communicative behavior pups toward caregivers, are impaired rodent models neurodevelopmental disorders, suggesting a useful method evaluate developmental neurotoxicity pollutants. Therefore, we investigated USVs emitted by mouse dams exposed...

Abstract Polybrominated dibenzo‐ p ‐dioxins and dibenzofurans (PBDD/DFs) are byproducts of brominated flame retardants can cause adverse health effects. Although exposure to polychlorinated (PC) DD/DFs induces toxic effects, including liver injury neurobehavioral disorder, little is known about toxicities associated with PBDD/DF exposure. Thus, we examined effects perinatal congener on the infant mouse. Gene expression in several organs, such as brain, was analyzed mouse offspring born dams...

Abstract Epithelial development starts with stem cell commitment to ectoderm followed by differentiation basal keratinocytes. The keratinocytes, first committed in embryogenesis, constitute the layer of epidermis. They have robust proliferation and potential, giving rise suprabasal cells, are responsible for expansion, maintenance regeneration We generated epithelial cells vitro through mouse embryonic (mESCs). Early on differentiation, expression markers, Oct4 Nanog , decreased rapidly...