Metabolic disorders, including obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease, are widespread in Westernized nations. Gut microbiota composition is a contributing factor to the susceptibility of an individual development these disorders; therefore, altering person’s may ameliorate disease. One potential microbiome-altering strategy incorporation modified bacteria that express therapeutic factors into gut microbiota. For example, N-acylphosphatidylethanolamines (NAPEs) precursors...

The organisation of timing in mammalian circadian clocks optimally coordinates behavior and physiology with daily environmental cycles. Chronic consumption a high-fat diet alters rhythms, but the acute effects on are unknown. To investigate proximate physiology, we examined phase relationship between central peripheral mice fed for 1 week. By 7 days, liver rhythm was markedly advanced (by 5 h), whereas rhythms other tissues were not affected. In addition, immediately upon diet, eating...

Background AMP protein kinase (AMPK) plays an important role in food intake and energy metabolism, which are synchronized to the light-dark cycle. In vitro, AMPK affects circadian rhythm by regulating at least two clock components, CKIα CRY1, via direct phosphorylation. However, it is not known whether catalytic activity of actually regulates vivo. Methodology/Principal Finding The subunit has isoforms: α1 α2. We investigate behavior, physiology gene expression AMPKα1−/− AMPKα2−/− mice....

BACKGROUND. The circadian system entrains behavioral and physiological rhythms to environmental cycles, modern lifestyles disrupt this entrainment. We investigated a timed exercise intervention phase shift the internal rhythm.

The transcription factor NF-kappaB plays an important role in both physiological and pathological events the central nervous system. Nevertheless, mechanisms of NF-kappaB-mediated regulation gene expression, signaling molecules participating pathway system are, to date, poorly understood. To identify such molecules, we conducted a yeast two-hybrid screen human brain cDNA library using NIK as bait. As result, identified novel IKK(beta) binding protein designated NIBP that is mainly expressed...

Food availability is a potent environmental cue that directs circadian locomotor activity in rodents. Even though nocturnal rodents prefer to forage at night, daytime food anticipatory (FAA) observed prior short meals presented scheduled time of day. Under this restricted feeding regimen, exhibit two distinct bouts activity, rhythm entrained the light-dark cycle and controlled by master clock suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) bout phase-locked mealtime. FAA also occurs during deprivation,...

Abstract An extensive literature links circadian irregularities and/or sleep abnormalities to mood disorders. Despite the strong genetic component underlying many disorders, however, previous associations between clock gene variants and major depressive disorder (MDD) have been weak. We applied a combined molecular/functional association approach polymorphisms in sex-stratified populations of control subjects case suffering from MDD. This identified significant sex-dependent common genes...

A fundamental property of circadian clocks is that they entrain to environmental cues. The genes, Period1 and Period2 , are involved in entrainment the mammalian system. To investigate roles Period genes photic entrainment, we constructed phase response curves (PRC) light pulses for C57BL/6J wild-type, Per1 −/− Per2 Per3 mice tested whether PRCs accurately predict non-24 light–dark cycles (T-cycles) constant (LL). wild-type similar shape amplitude have relatively large delay zones small...

The estrous cycle regulates rhythms of locomotor activity, body temperature, and circadian gene expression. In female mice, activity increases on the night proestrus, when elevated estrogens cause ovulation. Exogenous estradiol eating behavior in mice fed a high-fat diet, but it is unknown whether endogenous regulate rhythms. this study, we investigated diurnal change systematically across cycle. We first studied C57BL/6J 12L:12D. Estrous stages were determined by vaginal cytology while...

Two prominent timekeeping systems, the cell cycle, which controls division, and circadian system, 24-h rhythms of physiology behavior, are found in nearly all living organisms. A distinct feature is that they temperature-compensated such period rhythm remains constant (~24 h) at different ambient temperatures. Even though speed or growth rate, highly temperature-dependent, cell-mitosis temperature-compensated. Twenty-four-hour fluctuations division have also been observed numerous species,...

The mammalian circadian system, which is composed of a master pacemaker in the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) as well other oscillators brain and peripheral tissues, controls daily rhythms behavior physiology. Lesions SCN abolish locomotor activity transplants fetal tissue restore rhythmic with periodicity donor's genotype, suggesting that determines period behavioral rhythm. According to model timekeeping SCN, Period (Per) genes are important elements transcriptional/translational feedback...

Daily rhythmic processes are coordinated by circadian clocks, which present in numerous central and peripheral tissues. In mammals, two the food-entrainable oscillator (FEO) methamphetamine-sensitive (MASCO), “black box” mysteries because their anatomical loci unknown outputs not expressed under normal physiological conditions. current study, investigation of timekeeping mechanisms FEO MASCO mice with disruption all three paralogs canonical clock gene, Period, revealed unique convergent...

The mammalian circadian system is composed of multiple central and peripheral clocks that are temporally coordinated to synchronize physiology behavior with environmental cycles. Mammals have three homologs the Period gene (Per1, 2, 3). While numerous studies demonstrated Per1 Per2 necessary for molecular timekeeping light responsiveness in master clock suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN), function Per3 has been elusive. In current study, we investigated role oscillators by analyzing...

Obesity in women is increased by the loss of circulating estrogen after menopause. Shift work, which disrupts circadian rhythms, also increases risk for obesity. It not known whether ovarian hormones interact with system to protect females from During high-fat feeding, male C57BL/6J mice develop profound obesity and disruption daily rhythms. Since female did diet-induced (during 8 weeks feeding), we first determined if rhythms were resistant diet. We fed PERIOD2:LUCIFERASE 45% diet 1 week...

Fuller et al . (Reports, 23 May 2008, p. 1074) reported that the dorsomedial hypothalamus contains a Bmal1 -based oscillator can drive food-entrained circadian rhythms. We report mice bearing null mutation of exhibit normal food-anticipatory Lack food anticipation in – / by may reflect morbidity due to weight loss, thus raising questions about their conclusions.

The circadian system is a critical regulator of metabolism and obesity in males, but its role regulating females poorly understood. Because there are sex differences the development susceptibility to obesity-related disorders, we sought determine estrogens mechanisms underlying diet-induced obesity. When fed high-fat diet, C57BL/6J male mice gain weight, whereas resistant Here, demonstrate that estradiol regulates rhythms confer resistance We found ovariectomized with undetectable...

Abstract Disruption of the circadian system caused by disordered exposure to light is pervasive in modern society and increases risk cardiovascular disease. The mechanisms which this happens are largely unknown. ApolipoproteinE-deficient (ApoE −/− ) mice studied commonly elucidate atherosclerosis. In study, we determined effects light-induced disruption on atherosclerosis ApoE mice. We first characterized rhythms behavior, responsiveness, molecular timekeeping tissues from that were...

The mammalian circadian pacemaker in the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) controls daily rhythms of behavior and physiology. Lesions SCN cause arrhythmicity locomotor activity, transplants fetal tissue restore rhythmic that is consistent with periodicity donor's genotype, suggesting determines period behavioral rhythm. While several studies have demonstrated characteristics vitro represent behavior, others shown periods explanted are not always congruent activity. We find aberrant ex vivo...