Chromatic (colorimetric) pupillary light reflexes (cPLR) are reportedly useful in canine neuro-ophthalmology to differentiate sudden acquired retinal degeneration syndrome (SARDS) from optic pathway disease (neurological disorders) causing acute blindness. We report two cases with cPLR test results reported be consistent primary that were subsequently diagnosed (CNS) disease. A 7-year-old Dachshund and a Weimaraner presented for Both dogs failed obstacle tests, showed absent menace...

Volumetric studies in relation to CM/SM have not been reported Pomeranians. In this study, we aim (1) report the intermodality agreement between CT- and MRI-based volumetric measurements of skull cervical spinal canal, (2) assess for differences associations status. Pomeranians were included that underwent CT MRI during period February 2022-June 2024. Frontal sinus volume (FSV), caudal cranial fossa (CCFV), rostral middle (RMCFV), parenchymal (CCFPV), (RMCFPV), cerebellar (CPV), brain stem...

Abstract An 11‐month‐old male castrated shorthaired cat was presented with a tremor in both pelvic limbs, which only occurred when standing (ie, countering gravity) or during active extension of the stifle. General clinical and neurological examinations were normal aside from disappeared on performing weight‐bearing lifting test. Needle electromyography limbs conscious state confirmed low‐frequency (6 Hz) tremor. The diagnosed pseudo‐orthostatic amplitude waxed waned over time. remained...

Chiari-like malformation (CM) and syringomyelia (SM) are frequently diagnosed conditions in small toy dog breeds, such as the Cavalier King Charles Spaniel Griffon Bruxellois. CM/SM is only rarely reported Pomeranians literature to date. The aims of this study 1/describe phenotype with or without 2/evaluate for differences associations between owner-reported clinical signs (ORCS) signalment factors.

Background: The aim of Part II this two-part study is to describe and analyze the association various aspects measurements related morphometry skull craniocervical region CM/SM status Pomeranians, by means computed tomography (CT) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Methods: Prospectively, Pomeranians were included that underwent both CT MRI studies head cervicothoracic vertebral column. For those cases where qualitative classifications differed between observers, experienced observer...

Abstract A 7‐year‐old, female, entire American Staffordshire terrier was presented for chronic progressive ambulatory monoparesis of the right pelvic limb. Magnetic resonance imaging thoracolumbar spinal cord revealed a well‐demarcated, rounded, slightly right‐sided intramedullary space‐occupying lesion at level T11–12. It homogeneous, markedly T2‐hyperintense when compared to cord, T1‐hypointense and without contrast enhancement. Despite treatment with prednisolone (0.6 mg/kg every 24...

Introduction Chiari-like malformation (CM) and syringomyelia (SM) are disorders that, in dogs, affect mainly small toy breeds, including the Pomeranian. These linked to a great number of (owner-reported) clinical signs (ORCS) suggestive pain. Aging was associated with an increased risk having SM several studies. However, there only few longitudinal studies that assess presence severity CM/SM over time CKCS dogs progression signs. The aim this study investigate ORCS, classification,...

Background: Currently, there are no diagnostic imaging-based studies that have focused specifically on the craniocervical morphology of Pomeranian dogs in relation to Chiari-like malformation and syringomyelia (CM/SM). The aims Part I this two-part study assess intra-observer, interobserver, intermodality reliability agreement for various aspects Pomeranians with without CM/SM. Methods: Prospectively, were included underwent both CT MRI head cervicothoracic vertebral column. Two observers...

Metabolic/neurodegenerative encephalopathies encompass a wide list of conditions that share similar clinical and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) characteristics, challenging the diagnostic process resulting in numerous tests performed order to reach definitive diagnosis. The aims this multicentric, retrospective descriptive study are: (I) describe MRI features dogs cats with metabolic/neurodegenerative encephalopathies; (II) attempt an recognition pattern classifying these according...

A 2.5-year-old female entire Pomeranian dog was presented for acute paraparesis progressing within 2 days to paraplegia. General physical examination unremarkable. Neurological showed paraplegia without nociception, a mass reflex upon testing perineal reflexes and withdrawal in the pelvic limbs patellar hyperreflexia. Cutaneous trunci were absent caudal level of 6th thoracic vertebra. Spinal hyperesthesia present. Neuroanatomical localization consistent with T3-L3 myelopathy. Hematological...

Abstract A 12‐day‐old, male Holstein Friesian calf was presented to the hospital due progressive ataxia and tremors since birth. diffuse central nervous system disorder primarily affecting white matter suspected based on clinical neurological examination. Blood tests were unremarkable, except for positive serology Schmallenberg virus. Magnetic resonance imaging of brain demonstrated severe, abnormalities regions encephalon cranial cervical spinal cord, consistent with...

Positioning head tilt (PHT) is a dynamic neurologic sign that occurs when the tilts in opposite side of voluntary lateral turn head. Notably, absent held stationary or animal moving forward. PHT thought to be caused by lack inhibitory input vestibular nuclei due dysfunction cerebellar nodulus and uvula (NU). NU proposed not only pathologies affect itself, but also reduced proprioceptive information from spindles cervical muscles. As an example former, it has been noted dogs with hypoplasia...

Studies in Pomeranians as well other breeds have looked at clinical signs or external features predictors of Chiari-like malformation (CM) and syringomyelia (SM). The aim this study is to describe analyze morphometric factors the skull with without CM/SM by means CT manual measurements. Ninety-two >12 months age were included that underwent both MRI studies head cervicothoracic vertebral column. Two observers independently reviewed imaging performed quantitative External measurements taken...

The prevalence of idiopathic epilepsy (IE) within the Border Collie (BC) dog breed is high. aim this retrospective study was to describe phenotype BCs with IE and assess correlations between phenotypic variables owner-provided quality-of-life (QoL) scores. Data diagnosed during period five consecutive years were retrospectively analyzed. All dogs presented at least once a veterinary neurology specialist one three referral hospitals most under continued medical care that specialist. Owners...

Epilepsy in dogs is a common chronic and serious disorder may have an impact on the quality of life owners as well themselves. The aim this pilot study was to investigate QoL score suffering from idiopathic epilepsy their if possible, whether breed specific difference exists. Owners, either Dutch or Belgium, were asked participate web based SurveyMonkey questionnaire. A total 402 questionnaires representing with suitable for further analysis. Of dogs, 253 males 149 females. Ninety-nine...

A 1-year-old male intact Staffordshire terrier, born and raised in the Netherlands, was presented with a 3-week history of progressive lethargy spinal, predominantly cervical, hyperesthesia. Other than hyperthermia cervical hyperesthesia, general neurological examination did not reveal any abnormalities. Comprehensive hematological biochemical tests were considered normal. Magnetic resonance imaging craniocervical region revealed heterogeneity subarachnoid space, characterized by...

A 1.5-year-old female entire French bulldog was referred for neurological evaluation, further diagnostic tests, and treatment 24 h after a road traffic accident. Initial emergency treatment, stabilization had been performed by the referring veterinarian. Neurological examination revealed severe spastic non-ambulatory tetraparesis consistent with C1-5 myelopathy. magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study an irregular to elongated ovoid intramedullary lesion centered over body of C2. The showed...

A 10-year-old neutered female domestic shorthair cat was presented with an acute onset of neurological signs suggestive a right-sided forebrain lesion, temporal lobe epilepsy and generalised seizure activity. MRI the head revealed expansile soft tissue mass in caudal nasal passages (both sides but predominantly right-sided) involving ethmoid bone extending through cribriform plate into cranial vault affecting right frontal lobe. Histopathological examination tumour histiocytic sarcoma.This...

Trigeminal ganglion contrast enhancement (TGCE) is reported to be a normal and common finding on magnetic resonance imaging studies of dogs, cats humans. The intent the present study was describe anatomical characteristics trigeminal ganglion, its surrounding structures, histological features that are relevant explain or hypothesize reason for TGCE T1-weighted post-contrast MRI brain in dogs.Eight dog cadavers were dissected anatomy ganglion. presence vessels studied by dissection...

A two‐year‐old cat was presented after a suspected traumatic incident with loss of motor function and sensation in the right thoracic limb. Nociception absent and, therefore, prognosis for return considered guarded. However, two weeks showed signs limb, upon clinical examination six post incident, nociception had returned.

Abstract The authors have observed a vertebral anomaly in French and English Bulldogs termed this “vertebral vascular canal dysplasia (VVCD).” No previously published descriptions of were found. aims retrospective, multi‐institutional, observational study to (1) describe the clinical, CT, MRI characteristics VVCD, (2) estimate prevalence VVCD group Bulldogs. For anomaly, medical records imaging studies nine clinical cases with from several countries reviewed. estimation prevalence, United...

Background This study aims to investigate the perspectives of veterinarians in first‐line practice on confidence and satisfaction regarding several important aspects description, diagnosis treatment canine patients with epilepsy. Methods A web‐based questionnaire was used, focussing general epilepsy, diagnostic tests, communication owners. Results One hundred two questionnaires were evaluated. No less than 73 per cent had performed euthanasia one or more epilepsy as main reason. First‐line...

Canine epileptic seizures are common neurological symptom presenting to veterinary practice. Idiopathic epilepsy (IE) with a suspected genetic background has been reported in several dog breeds. Although it the Irish Setter (IS), phenotypic characteristics have not yet described. The aim of this study was characterize phenotype IE breed and trace its mode inheritance. Owners IS were requested fill questionnaire via Dutch Club concerning their dogs. data assessed retrospectively using...