Despite efforts to promote diversity in the biomedical workforce, there remains a lower rate of funding National Institutes Health R01 applications submitted by African-American/black (AA/B) scientists relative white scientists. To identify underlying causes this gap, we analyzed six stages application process from 2011 2015 and found that disparate outcomes arise at three six: decision discuss, impact score assignment, previously unstudied stage, topic choice. Notably, AA/B applicants tend...

Despite their recognized limitations, bibliometric assessments of scientific productivity have been widely adopted. We describe here an improved method to quantify the influence a research article by making novel use its co-citation network field-normalize number citations it has received. Article citation rates are divided expected rate that is derived from performance articles in same field and benchmarked peer comparison group. The resulting Relative Citation Ratio level independent...

Wnts are morphogens that also function as axon guidance molecules. In vivo Wnt5a gradients via Ryk receptors were found to repel cortical axons into developing callosal and corticospinal pathways. Here, using dissociated cultures, we bath-applied increased outgrowth. turning assays, simultaneously outgrowth induced repulsive turning, a potential mechanism for propelling in . We is mediated by Ryk, whereas repulsion requires both Frizzled receptors. Both mediate Wnt-evoked fluctuations...

Citation data have remained hidden behind proprietary, restrictive licensing agreements, which raises barriers to entry for analysts wishing use the data, increases expense of performing large-scale analyses, and reduces robustness reproducibility conclusions. For past several years, National Institutes Health (NIH) Office Portfolio Analysis (OPA) has been aggregating enhancing citation that can be shared publicly. Here, we describe NIH Open Collection (NIH-OCC), a public access database...

It has been shown in vivo that Wnt5a gradients surround the corpus callosum and guide callosal axons after midline (postcrossing) by Wnt5a-induced repulsion via Ryk receptors. In dissociated cortical cultures we showed simultaneously promotes axon outgrowth calcium signaling. Here to test role of Wnt5a/calcium signaling a complex environment used sensorimotor slices containing developing callosum. Plasmids encoding cytoplasmic marker DsRed genetically encoded indicator GCaMP2 were...

Fundamental scientific advances can take decades to translate into improvements in human health. Shortening this interval would increase the rate at which discoveries lead successful treatment of disease. One way accomplish be identify knowledge are most likely clinical research. Toward that end, we built a machine learning system detects whether paper is cited by future trial or guideline. Despite noisiness citation dynamics, as little 2 years postpublication data yield accurate predictions...

During development axon outgrowth and branching are independently regulated such that axons can stall or retract while their interstitial branches extend toward targets. Previous studies have shown guidance cues intracellular signaling components promote of cortical without affecting outgrowth. However, the mechanisms regulate differential not well understood. Based on our previous work showing importance localized repetitive calcium transients in netrin-1-induced branching, we sought to...

Abstract The first mutation in a gene associated with neuronal migration disorder was identified patients Kallmann Syndrome, characterized by hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and anosmia. This pathophysiological association results from defect the development of GnRH olfactory system. A recent genetic screening Syndrome revealed novel CCDC141. Little is known about CCDC141, which encodes coiled-coil domain containing protein. Here, we show that Ccdc141 expressed neurons fibers knockdown reduces...

Stromal derived growth factor (SDF-1) and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) are two extracellular cues that regulate the rate of neuronal migration during development may act synergistically. The molecular mechanisms this interaction still unclear. Gonadotropin releasing hormone-1 (GnRH) neurons essential for vertebrate reproduction. During development, these emerge from nasal placode migrate through cribriform plate into brain. Both SDF-1 GABA have been shown to GnRH by accelerating slowing...

Precise wiring of cortical circuits during development depends upon axon extension, guidance, and branching to appropriate targets. Motile growth cones at tips navigate through the nervous system by responding molecular cues, which modulate signaling pathways within axonal cones. Intracellular calcium has emerged as a major transducer guidance cues but exactly how modify actin microtubule cytoskeleton evoke cone behaviors is still mysterious. Axons must often pause their extension in tracts...

Abstract Concerns over research integrity are rising, with increasing attention to potential threats from untrustworthy authors. We established a framework gauge the negative influence of researchers potentially engaged in misconduct. The field Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been focal point these worries. This study aims assess risk posed by questionable studies or individuals engaging fraudulent science examining citation relationships among papers, taking AD as an illustrative example....

ABSTRACT Wnt5a guides cortical axons in vivo by repulsion and vitro evokes axon outgrowth calcium signaling pathways. Here we examined the role of microtubule (MT) reorganization dynamics mediating effects Wnt5a. Inhibiting MT with nocodazole taxol abolished evoked cultured hamster neurons. EGFP‐EB3 labeled dynamic MTs visualized live cell imaging revealed that growth cone align nascent axon. increased from a splayed to bundled array oriented direction extension, gradients induced asymmetric...

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons originate outside the central nervous system in olfactory placode and migrate into system, becoming integral components of hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. Failure this migration can lead to idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH)/Kallmann syndrome (KS). We have previously shown that CCDC141 knockdown leads impaired GnRH but not receptor neurons. The aim study was further describe phenotype prevalence mutations IHH/KS. Using autozygosity...

Proper assembly of neural circuits requires newly born neurons to migrate from their place origin final location. Little is known about the mechanisms axophilic neuronal migration, whereby travel along axon pathways navigate destinations. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)-expressing olfactory axons nose into forebrain during development, and were used as a model migration. After migrating, GnRH are located in hypothalamus essential for puberty maintenance reproductive function. To gain...

Abstract Despite their recognized limitations, bibliometric assessments of scientific productivity have been widely adopted. We describe here an improved method that makes novel use the co-citation network each article to field-normalize number citations it has received. The resulting Relative Citation Ratio is article-level and field-independent, provides alternative invalid practice using Journal Impact Factors identify influential papers. To illustrate one application our method, we...

Abstract Open citation data can improve the transparency and robustness of scientific portfolio analysis, science policy decision-making, stimulate downstream commercial activity, increase discoverability articles. Once sparsely populated, public-domain databases crossed a threshold one billion citations in February 2021. Shortly thereafter, public domain from Crossref database alone was crossed. As relative advantage withholding closed has diminished with flood data, this likely constitutes...

Microtubules are a critical part of neuronal polarity and leading process extension, thus microtubule movement plays an important role in migration. However, the dynamics microtubules during forward nucleus into (nucleokinesis) is unclear may be dependent on cell type mode migration used. In particular, little known about cytoskeletal changes axophilic migration, commonly used anteroposterior We recently showed that actin flow migrating GnRH neurons controlled by signaling cascade involving...

Wnt-mediated axon repulsion requires the calcium- and calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II.

Insights from biomedical citation networks can be used to identify promising avenues for accelerating research and its downstream bench-to-bedside translation. Citation analysis generally assumes that each documents substantive knowledge transfer informed the conception, design, or execution of main experiments. Citations may exist other reasons. In this paper, we take advantage late-stage citations added during peer review because these are less likely represent flow. Using a large,...

Chemorepulsion and growth stimulation may cooperate to guide cortical axons.

Abstract During career advancement and funding allocation decisions in biomedicine, reviewers have traditionally depended on journal-level measures of scientific influence like the impact factor. Prestigious journals are thought to pursue a reputation exclusivity by rejecting large quantities papers, many which may be meritorious. It is possible that this process could create system whereby some influential articles prospectively identified recognized journal brands but most overlooked....