The Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) has infected more than 1900 humans, since 2012. ranges from asymptomatic and mild cases to severe pneumonia death. virus is believed be circulating in dromedary camels without notable symptoms the 1980s. Therefore, are considered only animal source of infection. Neither antiviral drugs nor vaccines approved for veterinary or medical use despite active research on this area. Here, we developed four vaccine candidates against MERS-CoV...

Abstract Iron is essential to cells as a cofactor in enzymes of respiration and replication, however without correct storage, iron leads the formation dangerous oxygen radicals. In yeast plants, transported into membrane-bound vacuole by vacuolar transporter (VIT). This conserved apicomplexan family obligate intracellular parasites, including Toxoplasma gondii . Here, we assess role VIT storage T. By deleting VIT, find slight growth defect vitro, hypersensitivity, confirming its parasite...

Iron is required to support almost all life; however, levels must be carefully regulated maintain homeostasis. Although the obligate parasite Toxoplasma gondii requires iron, how it responds upon iron limitation has not been investigated. Here, we show that depletion triggers significant transcriptional changes in parasite, including iron-dependent pathways. We find a subset of T. transcripts contain stem-loop structures, which have associated with post-transcriptional iron-mediated...

Trypanosomatid parasites are causative agents of important human and animal diseases such as sleeping sickness leishmaniasis. Most trypanosomatids transmitted to their mammalian hosts by insects, often belonging Diptera (or true flies). These called dixenous since they infect two different hosts, in contrast those that just insects (monoxenous). However, it is still unclear whether monoxenous interact similarly with insect host, fly-monoxenous trypanosomatid interaction systems rarely...

The levamisole-sensitive nicotinic acetylcholine receptor present at nematode neuromuscular junctions is composed of multiple different subunits, with the exact composition varying between species. We tested ability two well-conserved UNC-38 and UNC-29, from Haemonchus contortus Ascaris suum to rescue levamisole-resistance locomotion defects Caenorhabditis elegans strains null deletion mutations in unc-38 unc-29 genes. parasite cDNAs were cloned downstream relevant C. promoters introduced...

Dipteran insects transmit serious diseases to humans, often in the form of trypanosomatid parasites. To accelerate research more difficult contexts dipteran-parasite relationships, we studied interaction model dipteran Drosophila melanogaster and its natural Herpetomonas muscarum. Parasite infection reduced fecundity but not lifespan NF-κB/Relish-deficient flies. Gene expression analysis implicated two NF-κB pathways Toll Imd as well STAT signalling. Tissue specific knock-down key components...

The acquisition and storage of metals has been a preoccupation life for millennia. Transition metals, in particular iron, copper zinc, have vital roles within cells. However, also make dangerous cargos; inappropriate uptake or transition leads to cell death. This paradox led cells developing elegant frequently redundant mechanisms fine-tuning local metal concentrations. In the context infection, pathogens must overcome further hurdles, as hosts act weaponize availability prevent pathogen...

Iron-sulfur (Fe-S) clusters are ubiquitous inorganic cofactors required for numerous essential cellular pathways. Since they cannot be scavenged from the environment, Fe-S synthesized

Abstract Iron-sulfur (Fe-S) clusters are ubiquitous inorganic cofactors required for numerous essential cellular pathways. Since they cannot be scavenged from the environment, Fe-S synthesised de novo in compartments such as apicoplast, mitochondrion and cytosol. The cytosolic cluster biosynthesis pathway relies on transport of an intermediate mitochondrial pathway. An ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporter called ABCB7 is responsible this role commonly studied organisms, but its medically...

Abstract Background Leishmaniasis, caused by parasites of the genus Leishmania , is a disease that affects up to 8 million people worldwide. Parasites are transmitted human and animal hosts through bite an infected sand fly. Novel strategies for control require better understanding key step transmission, namely establishment infection inside Methods The aim this work was identify fly systemic transcriptomic signatures associated with infection. We used next generation sequencing describe...

Abstract The DeTect Inc. RAPTOR velocity–azimuth display boundary layer (VAD-BL) radar wind profiler is a pulsed Doppler used to make automatic unattended measurements of profiles in the lower atmosphere. All data products are produced on site, real time, and utilize quality control software screen out interference. nominal frequencies 915 1290 MHz but other can be accommodated. While architecture similar profilers, VAD-BL designed provide consistently superior due its antenna design signal...

Abstract Iron is essential to living cells, acting as a cofactor in number of enzymes metabolism; however, iron requires proper storage or it can be dangerous the cell. In both yeast and plants, stored vacuole through action vacuolar transporter (VIT). This conserved apicomplexan family obligate intracellular parasites, including Toxoplasma gondii , pathogen medical veterinary importance. Here, we assess role VIT T. . We show that deletion causes slight growth defect vitro however leads...

μLinear Structured Illumination Microscopy (SIM) provides a two-fold increase over the diffraction limited resolution. SIM produces excellent images with 120nm resolution in tissue culture cells two and three dimensions. For to work correctly, point spread function (PSF) optical transfer (OTF) must be known, and, ideally, should unaberrated. When imaging through thick samples, aberrations will introduced into system which reduce peak intensity width of PSF. This lead reduced artifacts...

Abstract Iron is required to support almost all life; however, levels must be carefully regulated maintain homeostasis. Although the obligate parasite Toxoplasma gondii requires iron, how it responds when iron becomes limiting has not been investigated. Here, we show that depletion triggers significant transcriptional changes in parasite, including pathways require iron. Interestingly, find a subset of T. transcripts contain stem-loop structures which have associated with...

Abstract Iron is essential to living cells, acting as a cofactor in number of important enzymes metabolism; however the absence correct storage iron forms dangerous oxygen radicals. In both yeast and plants, stored membrane-bound vacuole through action vacuolar transporter (VIT). This conserved apicomplexan family obligate intracellular parasites, including Toxoplasma gondii , pathogen medical veterinary importance. Here, we assess role VIT, storage, T. gondii. We show that restricted...

Abstract Trypanosomatid parasites are causative agents of important human and animal diseases such as sleeping sickness leishmaniasis. Most trypanosomatids transmitted to their mammalian hosts by insects, often belonging Diptera (or true flies). These called dixenous since they infect two different hosts, in contrast those that just insects (monoxenous). However, it is still unclear whether monoxenous interact similarly with insect host, fly-monoxenous trypanosomatid interaction systems...

ABSTRACT Dipteran insects transmit diseases to humans, often in the form of trypanosomatid parasites. To accelerate research more difficult contexts dipteran-parasite relationships, we studied interaction model dipteran Drosophila melanogaster and its natural Herpetomonas muscarum . Parasite infection reduced fecundity but not lifespan NF-κB/Relish-deficient flies. Gene expression analysis implicated two NF-κB pathways Toll Imd as well STAT signalling. Tissue specific knockdown key...

Trypanosomatid parasites are causative agents of important human and animal diseases such as sleeping sickness leishmaniasis. Most trypanosomatids transmitted to their mammalian hosts by insects, often belonging Diptera (or true flies). With resistance both vector-targeted pesticides trypanocidal drugs being reported, there is a need for novel transmission blocking strategies be developed. Studies using the blood-feeding vectors themselves not broadly accessible, such, new model systems...

Abstract Leishmaniasis, caused by parasites of the genus Leishmania , is a disease that effects up to 8 million people worldwide. Parasites are transmitted human and animal hosts through bite an infected sand fly. Novel strategies for control, require better understanding key step transmission namely, establishment infection inside In this work we wanted identify fly transcriptomic signatures associated with success or failure. We used next generation sequencing describe transcriptome...

Abstract Background Leishmaniasis, caused by parasites of the genus Leishmania , is a disease that effects up to 8 million people worldwide. Parasites are transmitted human and animal hosts through bite an infected sand fly. Novel strategies for control, require better understanding key step transmission namely, establishment infection inside Methods In this work we wanted identify fly transcriptomic signatures associated with blood meal non-infected as our baseline. We used next generation...

Abstract Trypanosomatid parasites are causative agents of important human and animal diseases such as sleeping sickness leishmaniasis. Most trypanosomatids transmitted to their mammalian hosts by insects, often belonging Diptera (or true flies). With resistance both vector-targeted pesticides trypanocidal drugs being reported, there is a need for novel transmission blocking strategies be developed. Studies using the blood-feeding vectors themselves not broadly accessible, such, new model...

Abstract Background Leishmaniasis, caused by parasites of the genus Leishmania , is a disease that effects up to 8 million people worldwide. Parasites are transmitted human and animal hosts through bite an infected sand fly. Novel strategies for control, require better understanding key step transmission namely, establishment infection inside Methods In this work we wanted identify fly systemic transcriptomic signatures associated with infection. We used next generation sequencing describe...

Abstract Background Leishmaniasis, caused by parasites of the genus Leishmania , is a disease that effects up to 8 million people worldwide. Parasites are transmitted human and animal hosts through bite an infected sand fly. Novel strategies for control, require better understanding key step transmission namely, establishment infection inside Methods In this work we wanted identify fly systemic transcriptomic signatures associated with infection. We used next generation sequencing describe...