Hundreds of millions people suffer from color vision deficiency, leading to confusion in the perception maps. Barrier-free colors can reduce and improve readability However, most these are manually designed by experts based on extensive experience. For mapmakers, especially novices, creating barrier-free map is a challenge. In this paper, we focus qualitative schemes, type that easily causes for with propose an approach automatically generate colors. The proposed consists two steps: 1)...

Abstract The East China Sea (ECS) has experienced severe harmful algal blooms (HABs) that have deleterious ecological effects on marine organisms. Recent studies indicated deploying of a second geostationary ocean color imager (GOCI-II) can significantly improve monitoring. This study systematically assessed GOCI-II and its ability to detect HABs distinguish between dinoflagellates diatoms in the ECS. First, remote-sensing reflectance ( $${R}_{rs}\left(\lambda \right),$$ <mml:math...

Abstract This study presents an input estimation method combined with the finite-element scheme for solving two-dimensional, hollow-cylinder, inverse heat conduction problems (IHCPs). The is employed to discretize problem in space, allowing multidimensional of various geometries be treated. With method, comprising Kalman filtering technique and a recursive least-squares estimator, estimates interior temperature hollow cylinder using system involving noise measurement modeling error. A...

Abstract Creating a satisfying qualitative color scheme from scratch may be difficult for novice mapmakers and experts. A probability‐based method is proposed to identify knowledge regarding selection readily available schemes formalize the discovered assist in creation. An unsupervised extract general trends of presented, issue translated into multi‐constraint optimization problem. feasible solution achieving global optimum then provided. also match abstract values with specific mapping...

Abstract Creating a satisfying quantitative color scheme is challenging for both novices and experts. Geovisualization often suffers from the misuse misunderstanding of schemes. This article presents an adaptive method to create ready‐to‐use A probability‐based selection presented quantify colors learning samples varying popularity. To shape transitions, regression analysis performed fit mathematical curves transitions hue, saturation, brightness. Finally, problem creating schemes translated...

Creating appropriate colour schemes is challenging for both novice and experienced cartographers. This paper introduces an artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm to automatically create various schemes. Colour scheme creation treated as a constrained search problem in continuous space. We considered the gamut of target device series cartographic rules, such convention, discrimination, contrast, perceptual uniformity brightness mirror, ABC presented detailed initialization, fitness definition,...

Abstract Generating high‐quality sequential color schemes for maps is challenging most mapmakers. This article presents a harmony‐based approach automatically generating maps. The proposed consists of two steps: (a) harmony quantification on and (b) scheme generation using quantified factors. was tested three experimental maps, including the Chinese water body density index map, vegetation cover population map. Effectiveness evaluated by comparing generated with those created...

In the integrated generalization of contours and rivers, it is more important to consider their geographical characteristics in addition focusing on graph generalization. Therefore, we elaborated which rivers depend generalization, qualitatively describe quantitatively characterize (spatial elements information content characteristics), put forward method considering characteristics. Based characteristics, this article first identifies relief river network morphology, then as an essential...

Polygonal data often require rendering with symbolization and simplification in geovisualization. A common issue existing methods is that simplification, are addressed separately, causing computational redundancies reduce efficiency, especially when handling large complex polygonal data. Here, we present an efficient visualization method by organizing the tessellation operations into a single mesh generalization process. First, based on sweep line method, propose topology embedded...

Color quality evaluation is key to judging map quality, which can improve data visualization and communication. However, most existing methods for evaluating colors are tedious subjective manual methods. In this paper, we study sequential color schemes, a widely used type propose learning-based approach the quality. The consists of two steps. First, extract characterize cartographic factors determining such as order, match, harmony, discrimination uniformity. Second, present model predict...

Maintaining topological consistency is a crucial issue for 3D cadastral modeling as this helps to represent the boundary clearly and accurately. As result, data models are mainly built on basis of that allow topology be expressed clearly. However, in Euclidean space cannot directly objects’ geometric information. information important spatial analysis, based realize calculation analysis. Previous research has proved objects can integrated represented by conformal algebra (CGA) expressions....

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The second Geostationary Ocean Color Imager-II (GOCI-II) onboard the Communication, Ocean, and Meteorological satellite (COMS) has higher reliability practical value in marine environmental monitoring research compared with polar orbit satellites. Nevertheless, reflectance products may differ due to sensor performance differences ocean colour remote sensing intricacy, especially high-turbidity coastal areas. Consequently, verify authenticity of (Rrsλ) products, this paper takes East China...

We propose a pioneering approach for gathering data on the forest canopy, one that merges two cutting-edge technologies: ConvNext tiny and simple linear iterative clustering (SLIC) (ConvNeXt SLIC vectorize tree species mapping, CSVTSM). By leveraging label generated by SLIC, CSVTSM obtains vectorized result of land cover allows us to obtain location distribution range information about individual canopy. Moreover, employed ConvNeXt tiny, an advanced model, identify vector objects produce...

To explore the early clinical effect and safety of percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic technology for cervical spondylotic radiculopathy.From August 2016 to September 2017, 14 patients with radiculopathy who responded poorly non-surgical treatment at least 6 weeks underwent discectomy via posterior approach. There were males 8 females, aging from 32 68 years old an average (40.5±7.6) years. The course disease ranged 0.5 13.0 months (6.0±1.33) months. lesions involved C₄,₅ in 2 cases, C₅,₆...