Abstract Applying intelligence algorithms to conceive nanoscale meta-devices becomes a flourishing and extremely active scientific topic over the past few years. Inverse design of functional nanostructures is at heart this topic, in which artificial (AI) furnishes various optimization toolboxes speed up prototyping photonic layouts with enhanced performance. In review, we offer systemic view on recent advancements nanophotonic components designed by algorithms, manifesting development trend...

Abstract Developing microscale sensors capable of force measurements down to the scale piconewtons is fundamental importance for a wide range applications. To date, advanced instrumentations such as atomic microscopes and other specifically developed micro/nano‐electromechanical systems face challenges high cost, complex detection poor electromagnetic compatibility. Here, it presents unprecedented design 3D printing general fiber‐integrated using spring‐composed Fabry‐Perot cavities. It...

Image segmentation is essential in object-based image analysis. Numerous algorithms have been proposed and widely applied to process remote sensing images, but most of them are designed deal with single scenes. As the volume images grows rapidly, handling machines becoming increasingly difficult, size a composite can be larger than CPU memory computer. To address this problem, distributed strategy paper. The two main steps as follows. First, prepared massive loaded then decomposed into...

An easily fabricated Fabry-Perot optical fiber humidity sensor with high performance was presented by filling Graphene Quantum Dots (GQDs) into the resonator, which consists of two common single mode fibers. The relative sensing experimentally investigated an interference spectrum drift between 11 %RH to 85 %RH. 0.567 nm/%RH sensitivity and 0.99917 linear correlation were found in experiments that showed sensitivity, good wide-range responding. Meanwhile, its responding repeatability...

Using the two-photon polymerization (TPP) lithography, here we propose and experimentally demonstrate a fiber-tipped Fabry-Perot interferometer (FPI) for liquid refractive index (RI) measurement. To fit aqueous environment, FPI is designed as an open-cell microstructure consisting of well-crafted surfaces together with supporting rods, where major spectral interference occurs between waveguide's facet printed surface. Subsequently, sensing performances fiber are comprehensively studied under...

The fabrication of multicore imaging fiber (MCIF)/fiber bundle by the stack-and-draw method is favorable to achieve a hyperfine spatial resolution without rising lattice defect, such as core breakage and dislocation. MCIFs made silicate glasses host materials usually present high numerical aperture (NA), lower bend loss low inter-core crosstalk, bringing in an excellent capability. In this paper, we focus on microbubble defect (MD) high-NA silicate-glass MCIF fabricated method. MDs are type...

The fabrication of multicore imaging fiber (MCIF)/fiber bundle by the stack-and-draw method is favorable to achieve a hyperfine spatial resolution without rising lattice defect, such as core breakage and dislocation. MCIFs made silicate glasses host materials usually present high numerical aperture (NA), lower bend loss low inter-core crosstalk, bringing in an excellent capability. In this paper, we focus on microbubble defect (MD) high-NA silicate-glass MCIF fabricated method. MDs are type...

DeepSeek-R1, known for its low training cost and exceptional reasoning capabilities, has achieved state-of-the-art performance on various benchmarks. However, detailed evaluations from the perspective of real-world applications are lacking, making it challenging users to select most suitable DeepSeek models their specific needs. To address this gap, we evaluate DeepSeek-V3, DeepSeek-R1-Distill-Qwen series, DeepSeek-R1-Distill-Llama series A-Eval, an application-driven benchmark. By comparing...

Garnet-type solid electrolyte Li6.25Ga0.25La3Zr2O12(LGLZO) is considered as one of the most promising electrolytes because its high ionic conductivity, broad electrochemical window, and excellent stability toward lithium. However, contaminants such lithiophobic Li2CO3/LiOH have inevitably formed on surface, leading to an increasing interfacial impedance lithium dendrite formation. Herein, Al2O3 was introduced via ultrasonic spraying surface LGLZO, in situ converted Li2CO3 into LiAlO2,...

The present work puts forward a new strategy to achieve group separation of light, middle, and heavy rare-earth ions by liquid–liquid–liquid three-phase systems. Experimental results indicated that ion, Yb(III), can be selectively extracted into the organic top phase, while middle Eu(III), light La(III), enriched, respectively, PEG-rich phase (NH4)2SO4-rich bottom aqueous Cyanex272/PEG/(NH4)2SO4–H2O three-liquid-phase system. Various influences pH, (NH4)2SO4 concentrations, complexing...

Here we present a novel fabrication approach that allows for the implementation of sophisticated planar nanostructures with deep subwavelength dimensions on fiber end faces by electron beam lithography. Specifically, planarize bundles such they are compatible nanostructuring technology, result fibers can be treated in same way as typical wafers, opening up entire field nanotechnology optics. To demonstrate our approach, have implemented densely-packed arrays gold nanotrimers face 50 cm long...

Optical fibers represent one of the most important photonic components with applications in numerous fields; however, their performance respect to light collection at large incident angles is severely limited. Here, we show that arrays metallic nanodots located on end faces regular step index allow addressing incoupling up 80° high efficiencies, representing a regime which bare fail operate. The experimental demonstrations including lithographic implementation and optical characterization...

Atomic force microscope (AFM) probe with a long and rigid needle tip was fabricated studied for high Q factor dynamic (tapping mode) AFM imaging of samples submersed in liquid. The extended over regular commercially available tapping-mode cantilever sufficiently to keep the from liquid, which significantly minimized hydrodynamic damping involved Dynamic liquid at an intrinsic 100 operational frequency 200 kHz demonstrated. method has potential be acquire viscoelastic material properties...

We propose and experimentally demonstrate an intra-cavity transverse mode-switchable fiber laser based on a mode-selective photonic lantern few-mode Er-doped amplifier. The six lowest-order LP modes can lase independently are switchable by changing the input port of lantern. measured slope efficiency, mode intensity profile, optical spectrum each lasing mode. In addition, we donut-shaped LP11 LP21 using incoherent superposition simultaneous two degenerate modes.

The ultimate goal of metasurface research in recent years is to apply reality applications and improve the performance compared its counterpart, namely conventional optical elements with same function. Inspired by application electrically addressing spatial light modulator (EA-SLM) based on binary holographic algorithm, here we propose a reconfigurable metadevice integrated nematic liquid crystal (NLC). smart directly uses subwavelength antennas as main contributor phase accumulation instead...

Luneburg lenses are able to form perfect focus that is free of aberration. Because the varying refractive index throughout lens, incoming electromagnetic waves can travel in a curved path and be guided at back lens. The implementation often difficult due challenges creating medium with using normal materials. This problem overcome use gradient metamaterials. We report two dimensional lens made It consists 17 concentric shells etched patterns on printed circuit board working microwave X band...