<h3>Background:</h3> The study was designed to determine the mediating neuroanatomy of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). <h3>Methods:</h3> short half-life tracer oxygen 15—labeled carbon dioxide used allow for repeated positron emission tomographic determinations regional cerebral blood flow on each eight patients with OCD during a resting and provoked (symptomatic) state. <h3>Results:</h3> Individually tailored provocative stimuli were successful in provoking symptoms, comparison paired...

We used positron emission tomography (PET) to examine the role of hippocampal formation in implicit and explicit memory. Human volunteers studied a list familiar words, then they either provided first word that came mind response three-letter cues (implicit memory) or tried recall words same (explicit memory). There was no evidence activation association with However, priming effects on memory test were associated decreased activity extrastriate visual cortex. On test, subjects recalled many...

This study used a linear structural relations modeling technique (LISREL) to examine longitudinal data for 1,192 persons from community-based population. The goal was test the ability of an priori model predict cognitive change over 2.0- 2.5-year period in older adults aged 70-79 at initial evaluation. included 22 demographic, physical, and psychosocial variables as predictors function change. exploratory-confirmatory design, enabling cross-validation developed exploratory set confirmatory...

We developed the MGH Hairpulling Scale to provide a brief, self-report instrument for assessing repetitive hairpulling. Seven individual items, rated severity from 0 4, assess urges pull, actual pulling, perceived control, and associated distress. administered scale 119 consecutive patients with chronic Statistical analyses indicate that seven items form homogenous measurement of in this disorder.

One out of three adults in the United States is clinically obese. Excess food intake associated with motivation, which has been found to be higher obese compared healthy weight (HW) individuals. Little known, however, regarding neural mechanisms motivation HW adults. The current study used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) examine changes hemodynamic response and while they viewed nonfood images premeal postmeal states. During condition, participants showed increased activation,...

Appetite and weight changes are common but variable diagnostic markers in major depressive disorder: some depressed individuals manifest increased appetite, while others lose their appetite. Many of the brain regions implicated appetitive responses to food have also been depression. It is thus remarkable that there exists no published research comparing neural stimuli patients with versus decreased appetites.Using functional MRI, activity was compared unmedicated or appetite healthy control...

Prior research has repeatedly implicated the striatum in implicit sequence learning; however, imaging findings have been inconclusive with respect to sub-territories and laterality involved. Using functional magnetic resonance (fMRI), we studied brain activation profiles associated performance of serial reaction time task (SRT) 10 normal right-handed males. Behavioral results indicate that significant learning occurred, uncontaminated by explicit knowledge. Concatenated fMRI data from entire...

<h3>Background:</h3> The goal of this study was to determine the mediating neuroanatomy simple phobic symptoms. <h3>Methods:</h3> Positron emission tomography and oxygen 15 were used measure normalized regional cerebral blood flow in seven subjects with phobia during control provoked states. Stereotactic transformation statistical parametric mapping techniques employed locations significant activation. <h3>Results:</h3> Statistical maps demonstrated increases for symptomatic state compared...

Positron emission tomography was employed to contrast the brain activation pattern in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) that of matched control subjects while they performed an implicit learning task. Although and evidenced comparable learning, imaging data from indicated bilateral inferior striatal activation, whereas OCD did not activate right or left striatum instead showed medial temporal activation. The findings further implicate corticostriatal dysfunction disorder....

Article AbstractBackground: Recent studies have suggested that obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a heterogeneous with some forms related to tics and Tourette's disorder. The present study was undertaken investigate the sensory phenomena in patients OCD and/or determine if these phenotypic features represent valid clinical indices for differentiating tic-related from non-tic-related OCD. Method: We evaluated 20 adult outpatients OCD, plus disorder, 21 using semistructured interview...

Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine the mediating neuroanatomy implicit and explicit sequence learning using a modified version serial reaction time (SRT) paradigm. Subjects were seven healthy, right‐handed adults (three male, four female, mean age 26.7, range 18–43 yr). PET data acquired via oxygen‐15‐labeled‐carbon dioxide inhalation method while subjects performed SRT. scanned during two blocks each (1) no (Random), (2) single‐blind, 12‐item (Implicit), (3) unblinded, same...

There is evidence that nonverbal memory problems in obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) are mediated by impaired strategic processing. Although many studies have found verbal to be normal OCD, these did not use tests designed stress organizational strategies. This study examined and performance 33 OCD patients 30 control participants with the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test California Verbal Learning Test. were on measures of strategy free recall. Multiple regression modeling indicated...

THE purpose of this study was to examine the neuroanatomical correlates explicit retrieval episodic memories in older and young adults. We used an experimental paradigm that allowed us separate effort involved attempting retrieve a recently studied word from actual recollection item. Both younger adults showed hippocampal blood flow increases association with word. In contrast, but not bilateral anterior prefrontal cortex during attempts: more posterior frontal lobe activations attempted...

Although body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is receiving increasing empirical attention, very little known about neuropsychological deficits in this disorder. The current study investigated the nature of memory dysfunction BDD, including relationship between encoding strategies and verbal nonverbal performance. We evaluated 17 patients with BDD healthy controls using Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test (RCFT) California Verbal Learning (CVLT). differed significantly from on learning indices....

The prefrontal cortex has been implicated in strategic memory processes, including the ability to use semantic organizational strategies facilitate episodic learning. An important feature of these is way they are applied novel or ambiguous situations—failure initiate effective spontaneously unstructured settings a central cognitive deficit patients with frontal lobe disorders. current study examined PET and verbal encoding paradigm that manipulated organization three conditions: spontaneous,...

Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a genetic disorder associated with developmental delay, obesity, and obsessive behavior related to food consumption. The most striking symptom of PWS hyperphagia; as such, may provide important insights into factors leading overeating obesity in the general population. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging study neural mechanisms underlying responses visual stimuli, before after eating, individuals healthy weight control (HWC) group.Participants were...

Memory problems have been hypothesized to underlie compulsive hoarding behavior [Frost and Hartl, 1996: Behav Res Ther 34:341–350]. This study examined memory performance, confidence, beliefs in 22 individuals with severe symptoms 24 matched normal control subjects. Participants were administered two measures of learning that required strategic planning organization for successful performance: the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test (RCFT) California Verbal Learning (CVLT). Self-reports...

To evaluate brain activation in response to common food and nonfood logos healthy weight obese children.Ten children (mean body mass index the 50th percentile) 10 97.9th completed self-report measures of self-control. They then underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging while viewing logos.Compared with children, showed significantly less bilateral middle/inferior prefrontal cortex, an area involved cognitive control.When shown logos, than regions associated control. This provides...