A5020873459- Particle physics theoretical and experimental studies
- Particle Detector Development and Performance
- High-Energy Particle Collisions Research
- Quantum Chromodynamics and Particle Interactions
- Radiation Detection and Scintillator Technologies
- Dark Matter and Cosmic Phenomena
- Muon and positron interactions and applications
- Astrophysics and Cosmic Phenomena
- Neutrino Physics Research
- Cosmology and Gravitation Theories
- Distributed and Parallel Computing Systems
- Radiation Effects in Electronics
- Plasma Diagnostics and Applications
- Cultural Heritage Management and Preservation
- Competitive and Knowledge Intelligence
- Geophysical and Geoelectrical Methods
- Radiation Therapy and Dosimetry
- Educational Strategies and Epistemologies
- Education and Critical Thinking Development
- Big Data and Business Intelligence
- Science Education and Pedagogy
- Nuclear Physics and Applications
- Geophysical Methods and Applications
- Atomic and Subatomic Physics Research
- Ancient Mediterranean Archaeology and History
Helwan University
2014-2024
Canadian International College
2022
American University in Cairo
2021
Academy of Scientific Research and Technology
2014-2020
Understandings of the nature scientific inquiry (NOSI), as opposed to engaging students in learning experiences, are included science education reform documents around world. However, little is known about what have learned NOSI during their pre-college school years. The purpose this large-scale follow-up international project (i.e. 32 countries and regions, spanning six continents including 3917 for high sample) was collect data on exiting NOSI. Additionally, study investigated changes 12th...
The CMS experiment, located at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) in CERN, has a redundant muon system composed by three different gaseous detector technologies: Cathode Strip Chambers (in forward regions), Drift Tubes central region), and Resistive Plate (both its regions). All are used for reconstruction triggering. RPC confers robustness redundancy to trigger. operation challenging background pileup conditions of LHC environment is presented. provides information all track finders thus...
Cosmic-ray muons which impinge upon the Earth's surface can be used to image density of geological and man-made materials located above a muon detector.The detectors for these measurements must capable determining rate as function angle incidence.Applications this capability include carbon storage, natural gas enhanced oil recovery, compressed air production, tunnel detection, detection hidden rooms in structures such pyramids.For applications, detector small rugged have operational...
The HL-LHC phase is designed to increase by an order of magnitude the amount data be collected LHC experiments. To achieve this goal in a reasonable time scale instantaneous luminosity would also up 6 · 1034 cm−2s−1. region forward muon spectrometer (|η| > 1.6) not equipped with RPC stations. expected particles flux 2 kHz/cm2 (including safety factor 3) motivates installation chambers guarantee redundancy CSC already present. current CMS technology cannot sustain background level. new that...
The Resistive Plate Chambers (RPCs) are employed in the CMS Experiment at LHC as dedicated trigger system both barrel and endcap. This article presents results of radiation background measurements performed with 2011 2012 proton-proton collision data collected by CMS. Emphasis is given to distribution inside RPCs. expected rates during future running estimated from extrapolated simulation.
During 2013 and 2014 (Long Shutdown LS1) the CMS experiment is upgrading forward region installing a fourth layer of RPC detectors in order to complete improve muon system performances view foreseen high luminosity run LHC. The new two endcap disks consists 144 double-gap chambers assembled at three different production sites: CERN, Ghent (Belgium) BARC (India). chamber components as well final are subjected full series tests established parallel all sites.
The high pseudo-rapidity region of the CMS muon system is covered by Cathode Strip Chambers (CSC) only and lacks redundant coverage despite fact that it a challenging for muons in terms backgrounds momentum resolution. In order to maintain good efficiency trigger this additional RPCs are planned be installed two outermost stations at low angle named RE3/1 RE4/1. These will use with finer granularity timing resolution mitigate background effects increase redundancy system.
We report on a systematic study of double-gap and four-gap phenolic resistive plate chambers (RPCs) for the Phase-2 upgrade CMS muon system at high η. In present study, we constructed real-sized RPCs with gap thicknesses 1.6 0.8 mm, respectively, 2-mm-thick high-pressure-laminated (HPL) plates. examined prototype cosmic rays 100-GeV muons provided by SPS H4 beam line CERN. To examine rate capability both Korea University CERN GIF++ facility, were irradiated 137Cs sources providing maximum...
The purpose of this study is to examine the effect marketing intelligence (MI) adoption on enhancing profitability indicators banks adopting MI and listed in Egyptian stock exchange. A statistical analysis was carried based data collected, using a questionnaire instrument measure efficiency among 12 focuses 2 measures indicators; return equity (ROE) assets (ROA).The (ROE, ROA) central exchange were measured during period (2012–2021). Then, conducted collected simple linear regression model....
Four double-gap CMS resistive plate chambers are being tested at the CERN Gamma Irradiation Facility to determine performance and aging effects expected conditions of High Luminosity-Large Hadron Collider. Results up an integrated charge 290 millicoulomb/cm2 reported.
The high luminosity expected from the HL-LHC will be a challenge for CMS detector. increased rate of particles coming collisions and radioactivity induced in detector material could cause significant damage result progressive degradation its performance. Simulation studies are very useful these scenarios as they allow one to study radiation environment impact on Results presented RPC stations considering operating conditions at HL-LHC.
With the increase of LHC luminosity foreseen in coming years, many detectors currently used different experiments will be dramatically impacted and some need to replaced or upgraded. The new ones should capable provide time information reduce data ambiguity due expected high pileup. We propose equip CMS |η| muon chambers with pairs single gap RPC read out by long pickup strips PCB. precise measurement (0<15 ps) signal induced particles crossing detector on both ends each strip give an...
In the next decades, Large Hadron Collider (LHC) will run at very high luminosity (HL-LHC) 5×1034 cm−2s−1, factor five more than nominal LHC luminosity. During this period CMS RPC system be subjected to background rates which could affect performance by inducing aging effects. A dedicated longevity program qualify present for HL-LHC running is ongoing. At CERN Gamma Irradiation Facility (GIF++) four detectors, from spare production, are exposed an intense gamma radiation a dose equivalent...
The Muon Upgrade Phase II of the Compact Solenoid (CMS) aims to guarantee optimal conditions present system and extend $\eta$ coverage ensure a reliable for High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) period. Resistive Plate Chambers (RPCs) will upgrade off-detector electronics (called link system) chambers currently installed place improved RPCs (iRPCs) cover high pseudo$-$rapidity region, challenging region muon reconstruction in terms background momentum resolution. In order find best...
The muon spectrometer of the CMS (Compact Muon Solenoid) experiment at Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is equipped with a redundant system made Resistive Plate Chambers (RPCs) and Drift Tube (DT) chambers in barrel, RPC Cathode Strip (CSCs) endcap region. In this paper, operations performance during first three years LHC activity are presented. stability performance, terms efficiency, cluster size noise, also reported. Finally, radiation background levels on have been measured as function...
The Resistive Plate Chambers (RPC) are used for muon triggers in the CMS experiment. To calibrate high voltage working-points (WP) and identify degraded detectors due to radiation or chemical damage, a scan has been performed using 2017 data from pp collisions at center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. In this paper, we present calibration method latest results obtained data. A comparison with all scans taken since 2011 is considered investigate stability detector performance time.
Based on previous experience and attempt, a real-size mosaic Multi-gap Resistive Plate Chamber (MRPC) has been developed within the framework of CMS muon upgrade efforts. The chamber is 5-gap with plates made each 6 pieces low resistive glass. Cosmic ray test at CERN 904 shows that its efficiency can reach above 95% gas mixture 90% C2H2F4, 5% i-C4H10 SF6. was also tested dry gas(95.2% 4.5% i-C4H10, 0.3% SF6) Gamma Irradiation Facility (GIF++). Efficiency results calculated by simple tracking...
The high pseudorapidity ($\eta$) region of the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) muon system is covered by Cathode Strip Chambers only and lacks redundant coverage despite fact that it a challenging for muons in terms backgrounds momentum resolution. During annual Year-End Technical Stops 2022 & 2023, two new layers improved Resistive Plate (iRPC) will be added, RE3/1 RE4/1, which completely cover $1.8 < |\eta| 2.4$ endcap. Thus, additional chambers lead to increase efficiency both trigger offline...
February 1 th 2013 marked the end of first period running Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and start a two-year break from operation (LS1) aimed at consolidating both accelerator as well detectors. By LS1, LHC is expected to provide collisions 13 Tev. While, by 2020, ultimate instantaneous luminosity be 1034/cm2/s. To prepare for this scenario, Resistive Plate Chamber system CMS experiment planning several detector maintainance consolidation interventions. These include High Voltage Low...
Muography is an imaging technique that can be used to examine the interior structure of large-size objects.The based on measurements absorption cosmic-ray muons passing through object under study.Muographic was already successfully applied discovery a new void inside Great Pyramid Khufu at Giza, Egypt.With aim studying Khafre, second largest pyramid muography detector currently being constructed.In this paper, we report development corresponding simulation framework Pyramids and setup.This...
The Resistive Plate Chambers (RPC) are used in the CMS experiment at trigger level and also standard offline muon reconstruction. In order to guarantee quality of data collected monitor online detector performance, a set tools has been developed which is heavily RPC system. Web-based monitoring (WBM) java servlets that allows users check performance hardware during taking, providing distributions history plots all parameters. functionalities WBM presented along with studies as function...
The CMS experiment, located at the CERN Large Hadron Collider, has a redundant muon system composed by three different detector technologies: Cathode Strip Chambers (in forward regions), Drift Tubes central region) and Resistive Plate (both its regions). All are used for reconstruction triggering. During first long shutdown (LS1) of LHC (2013-2014) been upgraded with 144 newly installed RPCs on forth stations. new chambers ensure enhance trigger efficiency in high luminosity conditions Run2....