Significance Disruption of the timing sleep–wake cycle and circadian rhythms, such as occurs during jet lag shift work, leads to disordered physiological but what extent molecular elements rhythm generation are affected is not known. Here, we show that delaying sleep by 4 h for 3 consecutive days a sixfold reduction transcripts in human blood transcriptome just 1%, whereas, at same time, centrally driven melatonin affected. Genes processes included those core gene expression. The data have...

The effect of light on circadian rhythms and sleep is mediated by a multi-component photoreceptive system rods, cones melanopsin-expressing intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells. intensity spectral sensitivity characteristics this are to be fully determined. Whether the composition exposure at home in evening such that it delays also remains established. We monitored during 6-8wk assessed effects laboratory. Twenty-two women men (23.1±4.7yr) participated six-way, cross-over...

Significance Cell separation is a fundamental process in biomedicine, but presently complicated, cumbersome, and expensive. We present technique that can sort cells at rate equivalent to or faster than gold-standard techniques such as fluorescence- magnetic-activated cell sorting, do it label-free with very low loss. The system uses dielectrophoresis electrostatically, using an electrode chip eschews microfabrication favor of laminate drilled 397 electrode-bearing wells. This high level...

Microbiota assembly in the infant gut is influenced by diet. Breastfeeding and human breastmilk oligosaccharides promote colonization of beneficial bifidobacteria. Infant formulas are supplemented with bifidobacteria or complex oligosaccharides, notably galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS), to mimic breast milk. To compare microbiota development across feeding modes, this randomized controlled intervention study (German Clinical Trial DRKS00012313) longitudinally sampled stool during first year...

The Asian malaria vector Anopheles stephensi is invading Africa, requiring it to adapt novel climates and ecosystems. In part, this may be facilitated by An. ’s poorly understood seasonal behavioural plasticity in flight timing, leading earlier biting activity cold winters later times the warm summer. Changes timing could directly imposed variation ambient light temperature levels or result from altered entrainment of intrinsically expressed circadian rhythms these factors. We demonstrate...

Metabolic profiling of individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has previously been limited to single-time-point samples, ignoring time-of-day variation. Here, we tested our hypothesis that body mass and T2DM affect daily rhythmicity concentrations circulating metabolites across a 24-h day in 3 age-matched, male groups-lean, overweight/obese (OW/OB), OW/OB T2DM-in controlled laboratory conditions, which were not confounded by large meals. By using targeted liquid chromatography/mass...

Circadian rhythms enable organisms to synchronise the processes underpinning survival and reproduction anticipate daily changes in external environment. Recent work shows that (circadian) also parasites maximise fitness context of ecological interactions with their hosts. Because parasite matter for fitness, understanding how they are regulated could lead innovative ways reduce severity spread diseases. Here, we examine host circadian influence asexual replication malaria parasites. Asexual...

Electrical correlates of the physiological state a cell, such as membrane conductance and capacitance, well cytoplasm conductivity, contain vital information about cellular function, ion transport across membrane, propagation electrical signals. They are, however, difficult to measure; gold-standard techniques are typically unable measure more than few cells per day, making widespread adoption limiting statistical reproducibility. We have developed dielectrophoretic platform using disposable...

In most mammals, daily rhythms in physiology are driven by a circadian timing system composed of master pacemaker the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) and peripheral oscillators body cells. The SCN clock, which is phase-entrained light–dark cycles, thought to synchronize subsidiary tissues, mainly driving cyclic feeding behavior. Here, we examined expression clock genes liver common vole Microtus arvalis , rodent with ultradian activity rhythms. these animals, clock-gene mRNAs accumulate high...

Using a micro-positron emission tomography (PET)/computerized scanner, we have measured (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake in interscapular brown adipose tissue (iBAT) C57Bl/6 mice at intervals across 24-h light-dark cycle. Our data reveal strong profile of glucose iBAT, peaking ~9 h into the light phase 12-h light, dark day. BAT is increasingly gaining attention as being involved metabolic phenotypes and obesity, where BAT, observed by PET analysis, negatively correlates with obesity...

Low indoor light in urban housing can disrupt health and wellbeing, especially older adults who experience reduced sensitivity sleep/circadian disruptions with natural aging. While controlled studies suggest that enhancing lighting may alleviate the negative effects of sensitivity, evidence for this to be effective real world is lacking. This study investigates two conditions on actigraphic rest-activity rhythms subjective sleep healthy (≥ 60 years) living at home. Two photon-matched lights...

Abstract Time-of-day variation in the molecular profile of biofluids and tissues is a well-described phenomenon, but—especially for proteomics—is rarely considered terms challenges this presents to reproducible biomarker identification. We provide case study analysis human circadian ultradian rhythmicity proteins, including complement coagulation cascades apolipoproteins, with PLG, CFAH, ZA2G ITIH2 demonstrated as rhythmic first time. also show that increases risk Type II errors due...

Sleep homeostasis and circadian rhythmicity interact to determine the timing of behavioral activity. Circadian clock genes contribute centrally in periphery, but some also have roles within sleep regulation. The gene Period3 ( Per3) has a redundant function system is associated with humans. This study investigated role PER3 sleep/wake activity mice by recording wheel-running under baseline conditions wild-type (WT; n = 54) PER3-deficient Per3 −/− ; 53) mice, as well EEG-assessed before after...

Biological oscillations with an ultradian time scale of 1 to several hours include cycles in behavioral arousal, episodic glucocorticoid release, and gene expression. Ultradian rhythms are thought have extrinsic origin because a perceived absence rhythmicity vitro lack known molecular oscillators. We designed novel, non-spectral-analysis method separating from circadian components applied it published expression dataset sampling resolution. mouse hepatocytes vivo been published, we validated...

Angiogenesis, the formation of new capillaries from existing ones, is a fundamental process in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. While it known to be affected by circadian rhythms

In humans, a primate-specific variable-number tandem-repeat (VNTR) polymorphism (4 or 5 repeats 54 nt in length) the circadian gene PER3 is associated with differences sleep timing and homeostatic responses to loss. We investigated effects of this on rhythmicity homeostasis by introducing into mice assessing parameters at baseline during after 12 h deprivation (SD). Microarray analysis was used measure hypothalamic cortical expression. Circadian behavior were normal baseline. The response SD...

Circadian rhythms, metabolism, and nutrition are closely linked.1 Timing of a three-meal daily feeding pattern synchronizes some human circadian rhythms.2 Despite animal data showing anticipation food availability, linked to food-entrainable oscillator,3 it is unknown whether physiology predicts mealtimes restricted availability. In controlled laboratory protocol, we tested the hypothesis that system anticipates large meals. Twenty-four male participants undertook an 8-day study, with strict...

Abstract Infection can dramatically alter behavioural and physiological traits as hosts become sick subsequently return to health. Such “sickness behaviours” include disrupted circadian rhythms in both locomotor activity body temperature. Host sickness behaviours vary pathogen species-specific manners but the influence of intraspecific variation is rarely studied. We examine how infection with murine malaria parasite, Plasmodium chabaudi , shapes terms parasite genotype-specific effects on...

Narcolepsy type 1 (NT1) is an orphan brain disorder caused by the irreversible destruction of orexin neurons. Metabolic disturbances are common in patients with NT1 who have a body mass index (BMI) 10% to 20% higher than general population, one-third being obese (BMI >30 kg/m2). Besides neurons NT1, metabolic alterations and nonobese remain unknown. The aim this study was identify possible differences plasma profiles between controls as function their BMI status.We used targeted liquid...

The biomechanical environment plays a key role in regulating cartilage formation, but the current understanding of mechanotransduction pathways chondrogenic cells is incomplete. Among combination external factors that control chondrogenesis are temporal cues governed by cell-autonomous circadian clock. However, mechanical stimulation has not yet directly been proven to modulate via entraining clock chondroprogenitor cells. purpose this study was establish whether stimuli entrain core cells,...

A functional knockout of Period3 in mice ( mPer3 — / ) results a mildly altered circadian phenotype, and shows redundant role within the clock. In this study, authors reevaluated Per3 —/ behavioral phenotype on C57Bl/6J background report responses to light. constant light, free-running activity period was shorter than that wild-type, whereas darkness, no difference observed between genotypes. The effect light parametric, genotypes increased under with increasing intensity. An attenuated...

Inhibitor of DNA binding 2 (ID2) is a helix-loop-helix transcriptional repressor rhythmically expressed in many adult tissues. Our earlier studies have demonstrated role for ID2 the input pathway, core clock function and output pathways mouse circadian system. We also reported that Id2 null (Id2−/−) mice are lean with low gonadal white adipose tissue deposits lower lipid content liver. These results coincided altered or disrupted expression profiles liver genes including those involved...

Circadian rhythms in cardiac function are apparent e.g., blood pressure, heart rate, and acute adverse events. A circadian clock tissue has been identified, but entrainment pathways of this still unclear. We cultured tissues mice carrying bioluminescence reporters the core genes, period 1 or 2 (per1luc PER2LUC) compared vitro responses atrium to treatment with medium a synthetic glucocorticoid (dexamethasone [DEX]) that suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) liver. observed PER2LUC, not per1luc is...

Abstract Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a chronic disorder that presents range of premotor signs, such as sleep disturbances and cognitive decline, which are key non-motor features the disease. Increasing evidence possible association between disruption neurodegenerative process suggests impairment could produce detectable metabolic signature on In order to integrate neurocognitive parameters, we performed untargeted targeted profiling rotenone PD model in restriction (SR) (6 h/day for 21 days)...