Jasmonic acid (JA) plays an important role in the induction of herbivore resistance many plants. However, JA-independent has been suggested. An herbivore-resistance-inducing substance was isolated from Tobacco mosaic virus-infected tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) leaves which a hypersensitive response (HR) induced and identified as loliolide, β-carotene metabolite. When applied to tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) leaves, loliolide decreased survival rate two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus...

Juvenile hormone (JH) I, II and III in the hemolymph of silkworm, Bombyx mori were quantified by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). JHs treated with methanol trifluoroacetic acid to convert into JH methoxyhydrines (JH-MHs). The key analytical condition for JH-MHs was addition 5 µM sodium acetate eluting solution. Each JH-MH observed as adduct ion good sensitivity. This improved method enabled titration silkworm be monitored from 3rd instar through early pupal stage. A peak I...

Apocarotenoids, such as β-cyclocitral, α-ionone, β-ionone, and loliolide, are derived from carotenes via chemical or enzymatic processes. Recent studies revealed that β-cyclocitral loliolide play an important role in various aspects of plant physiology, stress responses, growth, herbivore resistance. However, information on the physiological α-ionone is limited. We herein investigated effects protection against attacks. The pretreatment whole tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plants with vapor...

Abstract The gregarious endoparasitoids Tetrastichus brontispae Ferrière is one of the important natural enemies coconut hispine beetle Brontispa longissima (Gestro), a serious invasive pest on palm plants (Cocos nucifera L.) in Southeast Asia. Development at different temperatures, effect host and female ages, food oviposition frequency superparasitism were investigated laboratory. Females allowed only attack against all experiments. wasp developed between 19 30°C, whilst no completed its...

The subject of this study was to examine biological aspects and predatory abilities bugs that prey on stored-product insects. Biological controls in stored products are being regarded with increasing interest since they nontoxic do not damage human health or the environment. Several species have been studied as control agents. Specifically, Xylocoris flavipes (Reuter) is most candidate agent among bugs. X. advantageous because it has a high population increase capacity wide distribution....

The larvae of Spodoptera litura were reared on an artificial diet, and the flight capability, triacylglycerol (TG) level plus its fatty acid composition in 3-day-old sexually mature non-fed adults compared. In males, during 3 hr tethered flight, levels abdominal TG components did not change. But thereafter acids, significantly unsaturated acids declined their with prolongation being exhausted preceding saturated decline. When males tested by for 20 hr, some could fly nearly whole period,...

Research of the physiological traits a long-distance migratory insect, common cutworm Spodoptera litura, in rela tion to flight and reproduction, was focused on triacylglycerol (TG) levels their fatty acid composition.Tethered experiments demonstrated that three-day old male moths can fly more than 20 h.Among eight identified acids which adult TG is composed, ratios following unsaturated acids, palmitoleic (C 16:1), oleic 18:1), linoleic 18:2) linolenic 18:3), gradually declined with longer...

Phototactic behaviours and the toxic effects of certain light wavelengths have been used to control insect pests. However, in many species, little is known about this innate behaviour on physiological biological traits related emission and/or reflection spectra light. The present study investigated phototactic a small insect, melon thrips, Thrips palmi (Thysanoptera Thripidae). Using seven different light-emitting diode panels (355, 405, 470, 525, 590, 660 735 nm) under dark conditions, it...

Abstract: We evaluated the suppression of confused flour beetle, Tribolium confusum , by anthocorid bug Xylocoris flavipes and reduviid Amphibolus venator . Four treatments were tested: X. adults, A. adults released, control (no predators). After 25 days, alone showed 96.9% T. 76.2% both predatory bugs together 95.6% suppression. The rates loss whole‐wheat as an index damage caused 2.7%, 6.4%, 3.6% 11.7% in respectively. Furthermore, attacked but not nymphs. possibility using against is discussed.

Infestation of pouch-packaged spaghetti by Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) was observed in Japan May 2006. It suggested that 30% all shipped pasta products sustain damage to the packages heat-sealed before reaching retail stores. Hence, we investigated mechanisms which S. and zeamais Motschulsky adults invade packaged polypropylene pouches. In damaged packages, both species entered through breaks seal laid their eggs on pasta. However, intact bit around air vent holes...

Insect pests cause serious damage in crop production, and various attempts have been made to produce insect-resistant crops, including the expression of genes for proteins with anti-herbivory activity, such as Bt ( Bacillus thuringiensis ) toxins. However, number available sufficient activity is limited. MLX56 an protein isolated from latex mulberry plants, has shown strong growth-suppressing against larvae a variety lepidopteran species. As model herbivore-resistant we produced transgenic...

Infestation of pouch-packaged spaghetti by Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) was observed in Japan May 2006. It suggested that 30% all shipped pasta products sustain damage to the packages heat-sealed before reaching retail stores. Hence, we investigated mechanisms which S. and zeamais Motschulsky adults invade packaged polypropylene pouches. In damaged packages, both species entered through breaks seal laid their eggs on pasta. However, intact bit around air vent holes...

Abstract B rontispa longissima is a serious pest of the coconut palm C ocos nucifera , presumed to have originated in P apua N ew G uinea and I ndonesia. It recently invaded S outheast E ast A sia, where outbreaks been reported. Mitochondrial DNA analysis reveals two cryptic species . : one distributed over wide area including sia acific region (the sian clade) other limited clade). Recent invasions reported only from clade has found, suggesting that this become sia. To infer if ability...

We used light-emitting diodes (LEDs) to examine the effect of red light on behavioral responses melon thrips, Flankliniella occidentalis. allowed adults choose between tomato plants exposed and unexposed LED under ambient fluorescent lighting conditions. Thrips were less attracted during 8- as well 24-h exposure.

The control of the maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais in brown rice was estimated by using a reduviid bug, Amphibolus venator, and pteromalid wasp, Theocolax elegans. Results showed that simultaneous release both species natural enemies could enhance biological compared with either alone.

The coconut hispine beetle, Brontispa longissima shows, aggregation in the field. To elucidate effect of on larval developmental aspects, we examined effects density various aspects development and survival rates. Recently found that B. was divided into two monophyletic clades by genetic analysis. Therefore, also compared results between populations, from Ishigaki, Japan (ISH) Papua New Guinea (PNG), which were representative . In both ISH PNG, period shorter rate higher with rearing under...

Abstract The larval parasitoid Asecodes hispinarum Bouček has been used to control the coconut hispine beetle, Brontispa longissima (Gestro) in Vietnam. Although A. succeeded suppressing B. southern Vietnam, biocontrol not central One factor underlying this failure might be high temperature during hot season. In present work, we examined whether parasitises beetles within range of temperatures that occur season Vietnam and evaluated potential use pupal Tetrastichus brontispae Ferrière....

Abstract To clarify the reproductive properties of coconut palm pest, Brontispa longissima (Gestro) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), we investigated in laboratory diel periodicity copulation, effect adult age after emergence on copulation and ovarian development, development relation to female age, possibility multiple mating. The beetles used this study were reared fed an alternative food plant, narrowleaf cattail, Typha domingensis Pers. (Typhaceae). Copulation occurred throughout 24-h cycle...

Abstract The coconut hispine beetle, Brontispa longissima (Gestro), is a serious invasive pest that infests young unopened fronds of palms (Cocos nucifera L.) in Southeast Asia. We previously developed the first artificial diet for rearing B. larvae, which contained leaf powder fronds. Because are required healthy growth palms, it necessary to reduce their use beetles. In this study, we tested two new diets beetle powders mature leaves or orchard grass (Dactylis glomerata L.). successfully...