A5057906741- Gut microbiota and health
- Clostridium difficile and Clostridium perfringens research
- Plant Pathogenic Bacteria Studies
- Probiotics and Fermented Foods
- Diet and metabolism studies
- Bioinformatics and Genomic Networks
- Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry Studies
- Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria
- Antifungal resistance and susceptibility
- Gene expression and cancer classification
- Tryptophan and brain disorders
- Botulinum Toxin and Related Neurological Disorders
- Salmonella and Campylobacter epidemiology
- Escherichia coli research studies
- Vibrio bacteria research studies
- Insects and Parasite Interactions
- Food Allergy and Anaphylaxis Research
- Insect and Pesticide Research
- Medical and Biological Ozone Research
- Diet, Metabolism, and Disease
- Immune Cell Function and Interaction
- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Insect symbiosis and bacterial influences
- Mast cells and histamine
- Microbial Metabolites in Food Biotechnology
University of California, Davis
2015-2024
The Ohio State University
2024
Children's Hospital of Philadelphia
2024
Healthy guts exclude oxygen Normally, the lumen of colon lacks oxygen. Fastidiously anaerobic butyrate-producing bacteria thrive in colon; by ablating these organisms, antibiotic treatment removes butyrate. Byndloss et al. discovered that loss butyrate deranges metabolic signaling gut cells (see Perspective Cani). This induces nitric oxidase to generate nitrate and disables β-oxidation epithelial would otherwise mop up stray before it enters colon. Simultaneously, regulatory T retreat,...
A Western-style, high-fat diet promotes cardiovascular disease, in part because it is rich choline, which converted to trimethylamine (TMA) by the gut microbiota. However, whether diet-induced changes intestinal physiology can alter metabolic capacity of microbiota remains unknown. Using a mouse model obesity, we show that chronic exposure escalates
Carbohydrate intolerance, commonly linked to the consumption of lactose, fructose, or sorbitol, affects up 30% population in high-income countries. Although sorbitol intolerance is attributed malabsorption, underlying mechanism remains unresolved. Here, we show that a history antibiotic exposure combined with high fat intake triggered long-lasting mice by reducing Clostridia abundance, which impaired microbial catabolism. The restoration catabolism inoculation probiotic Escherichia coli...
5-Aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA), a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) agonist, is widely used first-line medication for the treatment of ulcerative colitis, but its anti-inflammatory mechanism not fully resolved. Here, we show that 5-ASA ameliorates colitis in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-treated mice by activating PPAR-γ signaling intestinal epithelium. DSS-induced was associated with loss epithelial hypoxia and respiration-dependent luminal expansion Escherichia coli,...
Antibiotic treatment promotes the outgrowth of intestinal Candida albicans, but mechanisms driving this fungal bloom remain incompletely understood. We identify oxygen as a resource required for post-antibiotic C. albicans expansion. depleted simple sugars in ceca gnotobiotic mice to grow on these resources vitro, pointing anaerobiosis potential factor limiting growth gut. Clostridia species limit availability large intestine by producing butyrate, which activates peroxisome...
The gut microbiota prevents harmful microbes from entering the body, a function known as colonization resistance. enteric pathogen Salmonella enterica serovar (S.) Typhimurium uses its virulence factors to break resistance through unknown mechanisms. Using metabolite profiling and genetic analysis, we show that initial rise in luminal abundance was powered by combination of aerobic respiration mixed acid fermentation simple sugars, such glucose, which resulted their depletion metabolome....
Intestinal inflammation is a risk factor for colorectal cancer formation, but the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Here, we investigated whether colitis alters colonic microbiota to enhance its cancer-inducing activity. Colitis increased epithelial oxygenation in colon of mice and drove an expansion
The German cockroach, Blatella germanica, is a common pest in urban environments and among the most resilient insects world. remarkable ability of cockroach to develop resistance when exposed toxic insecticides prime example adaptive evolution makes control this insect an ongoing struggle. Like many other organisms, host diverse community symbiotic microbes that play important roles its physiology. In some species, there strong correlation between commensal microbial insecticide resistance....
The gut microbiota produces high concentrations of antimicrobial short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) that restrict the growth invading microorganisms. enteric pathogen
Abstract Background Antibiotic treatment sets the stage for intestinal domination by Candida albicans which is necessary development of invasive disease, but resources driving this bloom remain poorly defined. We sought to determine these factors in order design novel prophylaxis strategies reducing gastrointestinal (GI) colonization. Figure 1 C. colonization (CFU/g feces). All mice were treated with 10^6 (ATCC 28367) and randomized receive mock treatment, 0.25% 5-ASA mouse chow,...
Abstract Background The catabolic activity of the microbiota contributes to health by aiding in nutrition, immune education, and niche protection against pathogens. However, nutrients consumed common taxa within gut remain incompletely understood. Methods Here we combined profiling with an un-targeted metabolomics approach determine whether depletion small metabolites cecum mice correlated presence specific bacterial taxa. Causality was investigated engrafting germ-free or antibiotic-treated...
Metabolomics is a powerful tool for measuring the functional output of microbiota. Currently, there are few established workflows analysis downstream metabolite identification. Here, we introduce omu, an R package designed assigning compound hierarchies and linking compounds to corresponding enzyme gene annotations organisms interest.
Irber et al., (2024). sourmash v4: A multitool to quickly search, compare, and analyze genomic metagenomic data sets. Journal of Open Source Software, 9(98), 6830, https://doi.org/10.21105/joss.06830
Antimicrobial resistance is an urgent threat to human health. Asymptomatic colonization often critical for persistence of antimicrobial-resistant pathogens. Gut by the priority pathogen
OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Antibiotic treatment sets the stage for intestinal domination by Candida albicanswhich is necessary development of invasive disease, but resources driving this bloom remain poorly defined. We sought to determine these factors in order design novel prophylaxis strategies reducing gastrointestinal (GI) colonization. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: initially developed a generalizable framework, termed metabolic footprinting metabolites C. albicanspreferentially uses mouse GI tract....